1. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: emerging concepts and pitfalls in hepatic stellate cell research 
David Cassiman, Tania Roskams 
Journal of Hepatology 
Volume 37, Issue 4, Pages (October 2002)
DOI: /S (02)

2. Fig. 1
Subpopulations of fibroblastic cells in cirrhotic liver, in human (A–C) and in rat (D–F). (A) Neural-cell adhesion molecule staining in cirrhotic human liver (alcoholic cirrhosis). Perisinusoidally located, stellate-shaped cells, i.e. hepatic stellate cells, in the parenchymal nodule stain (arrowheads), as well as reactive bile ductules (arrows) at the interface between portal tract (PT) and parenchyma. Neither the interface myofibroblasts nor the portal myofibroblasts are stained with the neural-cell adhesion molecule antibody (original magnification ×200). (B) Alpha-smooth muscle actin staining in cirrhotic human liver (hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis). Perisinusoidally located, stellate-shaped cells, i.e. hepatic stellate cells, in the parenchymal nodule stain (arrowheads), as well as portal myofibroblasts (in the portal tract, PT) and myofibroblasts located at the interface between the parenchyma and the portal tract. A reactive bile ductule (arrow) does not stain (original magnification ×200). (C) Synaptophysin staining in cirrhotic human liver (alcoholic cirrhosis). Only the perisinusoidally located, stellate-shaped cells, i.e. hepatic stellate cells, in the parenchymal nodule stain (arrowheads). Neither the interface myofibroblasts nor the septal myofibroblasts (septum: S) are stained (original magnification ×200). (D) Desmin staining in bile duct-ligated rat liver (4 weeks post-ligation). Perisinusoidally located, stellate-shaped cells, i.e. hepatic stellate cells, in the parenchymal nodule stain (arrowheads), as well as portal myofibroblasts (in the portal tract, PT) and myofibroblasts located at the interface between the parenchyma and the portal tract. Reactive bile ductules (arrow), expanding from the portal tract (PT) are surrounded by desmin-positive interface myofibroblasts (original magnification ×200). (E) Neural-cell adhesion molecule staining in bile duct-ligated rat liver (4 weeks post-ligation). Perisinusoidally located, stellate-shaped cells, i.e. hepatic stellate cells, in the parenchymal nodule stain (arrowhead), as well as portal myofibroblasts (in the portal tract, PT) and myofibroblasts located at the interface between the parenchyma and the portal tract. Reactive bile ductules (arrow), expanding from the portal tract (PT) are surrounded by neural-cell adhesion molecule-positive interface myofibroblasts (original magnification ×100). (F) Nerve growth factor staining of a carbon-tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rat liver (10 weeks of intoxication). Only the perisinusoidally located, stellate-shaped cells, i.e. hepatic stellate cells, in the parenchymal nodule stain (arrowheads). Neither the interface myofibroblasts nor the septal myofibroblasts (septum: S) are stained (original magnification ×200).
Journal of Hepatology  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

3. Fig. 2
Transmission electron microscopy micrographs of cultured human hepatic stellate cells. (A) Human hepatic stellate cells showing a lobulated nucleus, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and few secondary lysosomes. No intercellular contacts are formed. (B) Sarcomere-like densifications of smooth muscle actin bundles and (C) intermediate filament bundles are found in the cytoplasm of the cells. Reproduced from Cassiman [37], with permission.
Journal of Hepatology  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

4. Fig. 3
Immunocytochemical expression profile of cultured hepatic stellate cells (A–F: human; G–H: rat. Representative pictures). (A) Vimentin expression in the cultured cells (L-1, original magnification ×200). (B) Alpha B-crystallin expression (F-2, original magnification ×200). (C) Alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in a large subpopulation of cells (L-1, original magnification ×100). (D) Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression (F-1, original magnification ×200). (E) Cytokeratin 7 expression in a large subpopulation of cells (L-1, original magnification ×200). (F) KP-1 expression (F-3, original magnification ×200). (G) Vimentin expression (original magnification ×200). (H) Cytokeratin 8 expression (original magnification ×200). Reproduced from Cassiman [37], with permission.
Journal of Hepatology  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

5. Fig. 4
Double immunostaining for cytokeratin (red) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (green) in cultured human hepatic stellate cells. (A) Cytokeratin (red mesh) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (green cables) appear to be expressed in two distinct cell types in the cultures (L-1, original magnification ×400), but (B) single cells with expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin (green cables) and cytokeratin (red mesh) are also present, when looking at higher magnification (L-1, original magnification ×1000). Reproduced from Cassiman [37], with permission.
Journal of Hepatology  , DOI: ( /S (02) )