1. Lighting

2. Types of Light Incident: comes directly from the light source
Reflected: has come in contact with some other material before entering our field of vision
Our ability to see largely the result of reflected light

3. Lighting Director’s Goals
Meet artistic needs of the program
General Illumination needs
Develops a lighting plan so that all performers and parts of the set are lit as required/desired

4. Measuring Light Levels
Measured with a light meter
Video levels? Audio levels?
In footcandles (ftc)--amount of light falling on a surface one foot from the light with the illumination level of one candle
Also used, lux: About 10 lux = 1 ftc
Measure incident & reflected

5. Other lighting issues
1--Contrast Ratio: brightest to darkest: human eye 100:1, TV 30:1
Sports Stadium daytime shots (shader)
Monitors and adjusts the iris opening
AGC automatically adjusts
2--Color Temperature: measure of the frequency of the light wave
3,200° K / 5,400° K / red / blue

6. Lighting uses & objectives
Flat Lighting (shape/texture)
High-key / low-key for mood
Follow spot, limbo (subject ‘in limbo’ against softly lit cyc/cameo (subject lit & background dark)/ silhouette (subject dark & background lit)lighting-focus attn. More specific definition to follow--
…cont...

7. Lighting uses & objectives
To imitate reality
Shoot on a set for ‘outdoor shot’
Using lights shooting outdoors
Bouncing light shooting outdoors
Use of shadow and lighting effects
‘Natural’ look / invisible lighting

8. Lighting Instruments Quartz lamp New High Speed Fluorescent (HSF)
3,200° K
500 / 1,000 / 2,000 watts / 10,000
New High Speed Fluorescent (HSF)
Traditional / HSF at 3,200° K
HMI bulb -- 5,500° K
NEWEST – LED, 5500° K

9. Lighting Instruments Spotlights Other spotlights
Controlled beam / pinned & spread
Fresnel
Other spotlights
Ellipsoidal / leko / cutters / cookies
Barn doors / light pole / light stand

10. Lighting Instruments Floodlights Sometimes covered with scrim or gels
Pans/broads --rectangular shaped
Scoop -- Bowl shaped
Strip lights for background
Softlight -- bulb points inward
Sometimes covered with scrim or gels

11. Three point lighting Key --spotlight -- 35-40° angle
Fill -- flood or spread spot (1/2)
Back --spotlight (1.5-2x the key)
Subjects and foreground
Compare to background -- also important
Kicker --comes from the side over the camera left shoulder of the subject (added to 3-point lighting)
External lights must be eliminated / mixing light sources

12. Lighting effects
Silhouette--subject is not lit; background is evenly lit
Limbo--subject is lit evenly; background is vague or nondescriptive
Cameo--subject is lit with a spotlight directly above; background is not lit

13. Studio Lighting Light Board / dimmers / pig tails Grid vs. floor stand
Extension poles, c-clamp, safety
Inverse square law--as light to subject distance doubles, light level is reduced to 1/4 previous level ###