1. Constraints HARD LOGIC Physical constraints = logical relationship
SOFT LOGIC
Resource constraints
Safety constraints
Financial constraints
Environmental constraints
Contractual constraints
Regulatory constraints
Other constraints
(Hinze 2008)

2. Physical constraints = logical relationships
Due to the physical process of construction
Examples:
Formwork before concrete is placed
Columns installed/build before beams in each floor
Wall frame before the windows …
(Hinze 2008)

3. Resource constraints Limited resources Examples: Labour Material
Equipment
Examples:
Concrete plant capacity
One crane to work in multiple independent activities
(Hinze 2008)

4. Safety constraints Certain activities can not occur simultaneously
No working under the crane range while it is operating
Specified sequence must occur
Safety equipment in place before activity can start
Extreme weather conditions
Hot or cold, wind
(Hinze 2008)

5. Financial constraints
Staggering of high cost activities
Securing loans prior to certain part of the project
(Hinze 2008)

6. Environmental constraints
Mitigation procedures prior to activities
Time/area restrictions
(Hinze 2008)

7. Contractual constraints
Owner requirements
Example:
Housing project, some need to be finished before others.
Renovation project, part of the building is in use.
(Hinze 2008)

8. Regulatory constraints
Some could be counted as environmental constraints
Environmental law
Municipal government regulations
(Hinze 2008)

9. Other constraints Might be called also management constraints
Other project’s effect
Supervisory time
(Hinze 2008)

10. References
Hinze, J.W. (2012). Construction Planning and Scheduling. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Mubarak, S. (2010). Construction project scheduling and control (2nd edition). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.