1. THE GOLD RUSH and CALIFORNIA

2. The Bear Flag Republic
1833 – Mexican Gov. allowed the US to settle in California
John Fremont – Occupies California during the Mexican War
Settlers revolt against Mexico and declare an independent state in – USA annexed it

3. GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 3

5. Where the 49ers Came From

6. Immigration to California was national
…and global
Immigration to California was national
San Francisco before the gold rush
San Francisco after the gold rush

7. San Francisco before the gold rush
San Francisco after the gold rush

8. Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave Law

9. How did the Manifest Destiny Cause the Civil War?

10. Problems of Sectional Balance
The Mexican War strengthened feelings of Sectionalism
Missouri Compromise worked….Until California applied for statehood
Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.
Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:
Personal liberty laws

11. Wilmot Proviso David Wilmot - Congressman (PA)
Called for the prohibition of slavery from any land won from Mexico
Proviso was defeated and never passed

12. What are the elements for a successful compromise?

13. Different Points of View
Southern Plantation Owner
Northern Businessman
Texas Farmer
Chinese Immigrant Worker
Native American
Gold Rush Miner (citizen of California)
Northern Abolitionist
Free African American
Industry Worker
Senator from New York
Senator from South Carolina

15. Issues at hand… (Answer from your person’s POV)
Should the Mexican Cession territory allow slavery, or should it be declared free?
Should California be allowed to join as a free state?
Can Texas claim that its territory extended all the way to Santa Fe?
Should the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C., continue to allow slavery?
Should there be a law to aid in the capture and return of runaway slaves?

16. Compromise of 1850(Answer from your person’s POV) – Do they support
Compromise of 1850(Answer from your person’s POV) – Do they support? Why or why not?
In your group…..debate a compromise to answer the following questions:
Should the Mexican Cession territory allow slavery, or should it be declared free?
Should California be allowed to join as a free state?
Can Texas claim that its territory extended all the way to Santa Fe?
Should the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C., continue to allow slavery?
Should there be a law to aid in the capture and return of runaway slaves?

17. The Men behind the Compromise…
Henry Clay – Kentucky
“Great Compromiser” – his idea
John Calhoun – South Carolina
Opposed the Compromise
“The South….The Poor South”
Daniel Webster – Massachusetts
Supported the Compromise
Stephen Douglas – Illinois
Supported the Compromise; helped pass it

18. The Compromise of 1850 This Compromise:
Admitted California as a free state
set the present boundaries for Texas
New Mexico and Utah - popular sovereignty
strengthened the fugitive slave law
abolished the slave trade (NOT SLAVERY) in Washington D.C.

19. Compromise of 1850

20. Zachary Taylor Whig Millard Fillmore
Slavery needed in the South (owned slaves)
Not needed in the West
Pledged to veto Compromise
Millard Fillmore
“Final Solution”
Passes it

21. End Result of the Compromise
North Gets…
California admitted as a free state
Slave trade prohibited in Washington DC
Boundary of Texas is set
South Gets…
No slavery restrictions in Utah or Mexico Territories
Slaveholding permitted in Washington DC
Texas gets $10 million dollars
Fugitive Slave Law

23. Fugitive Slave Law angered the North…
Required to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves
Law enforcement was required to arrest suspected runaway slaves ($1,000 fine)
Federal Marshalls involved in Slave catching
No jury trail – Can’t testify
Cases were decided by commissioners who got $$$ for returning slaves
Anyone who helped aid a runaway slave could be punished with 6 months in prison and $1,000 fine

24. Anthony Burns “brought to justice”

25. The Story of Anthony Burns
“Privileged” Slave
Ran away to Boston in 1854
Owner can get his “property” back
Burns arrested for “robbery”
Dragged back to the South
A church bought his freedom for $1,300

26. Reaction to the Act…
“The colored men’s rights are less than those of a jackass…A black man maybe carried away without any reference to a jury. It is only necessary to claim him, and that some villain should swear to his identity. There is more protection there for a horse, for a donkey, or anything, rather than a colored man.
- Frederick Douglass, Voices from the Civil War

27. Impact of the Compromise of 1850
African Americans
Run away to Canada
Cant build their lives
Fueled Abolitionists
Brought slavery to the Forefront – have to take a stand
Kept the Nation United
Americans Embraced it
For now……

28. Who won and lost in this deal?
End Results of the Compromise
Each side got something…
Balance of the Senate was with the free states
Fugitive Slave Act pleased the South
North refused to enforce the Act
Fugitive Slave Act caused more people to join abolitionist causes
Intended to be the final solution – but only provided a temporary solution and an uneasy peace

29. In Class….
How would you have fixed the Compromise of 1850 to avoid conflicts?

30. Harriet Beecher Stowe
So this is the lady who started the Civil War Abraham Lincoln

31. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!