1. Climate Dynamics 11:670:461 Alan Robock robock@envsci.rutgers.edu
Lecture 8, 9/29/14
Climate Dynamics 11:670:461
Alan Robock
Department of Environmental Sciences
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA

2. Contours are isopycnals s = rw - 1000 where rw is in units of kg/m3
Grey shading is ocean: Mediterranean
Arctic
Dashed line is density max
Grey line is freezing temperature
Fig. 5.1

3. Fig. 5.2

4. Fig. 5.3

5. Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2)
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

6. Global, annual average heat balance (W/m2)
Fig. 5.4

7. Planetary albedo (a) is the average reflectivity of the Earth = 102/341 = 0.30
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

8. Total = 341 W m‑2 – (239 + 102) W m‑2 = 0 W m‑2
Outer Space:
Total = 341 W m‑2 – ( ) W m‑2 = 0 W m‑2
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

9. Total = 341.3 W m‑2 – (238.5 + 101.9) W m‑2 = -0.9 W m‑2
Outer Space:
Total = W m‑2 – ( ) W m‑2 = -0.9 W m‑2
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

10. Total = (78 + 17 + 80 + 374) W m‑2 - (187 + 30 + 333) W m‑2 = -1 W m‑2
Atmosphere:
Total = ( ) W m‑2 - ( ) W m‑2 = -1 W m‑2
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

11. Total = (161 + 333) W m‑2 - (17 + 80 + 396) W m‑2 = 1 W m‑2
Surface:
Total = ( ) W m‑2 - ( ) W m‑2 = 1 W m‑2
T = 255 K
T = 288 K
Greenhouse effect
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

12. Annual average incident solar radiation (W/m2)
Annual average absorbed solar radiation
at top of atmosphere (W/m2)
Fig. 5.5

13. Planetary albedo (%)
Fig. 5.6

14. Dependence of water albedo on solar zenith angle, θZ
Fig. 5.7

15. Annual mean outgoing longwave radiation (W/m2)
Fig. 5.8

16. Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2)
Fig. 5.9

17. Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2)
Fig. 5.9

18. Solar radiation absorbed at surface, SABS (W/m2)
Fig. 5.10

19. Outgoing longwave radiation at surface, esT4 (W/m2)
Fig. 5.11a

20. Downward back radiation at surface, FBACK (W/m2)
Fig. 5.11b

21. Sensible heat flux at surface, HS (W/m2)
Fig. 5.12a

22. Latent heat flux at surface, HL (W/m2)
Fig. 5.12b

23. Horizontal and vertical heat fluxes at surface, FH + FV (W/m2)
Fig. 5.13