1. JDBC – ODBC DRIVERS

2. JDBC DRIVERS Type of JDBC Drivers
The JDBC API defines the Java interfaces and classes that programmers use to connect to databases and send queries. A JDBC driver implements these interfaces and classes for a particular DBMS vendor.
A Java program that uses the JDBC API loads the specified driver for a particular DBMS before it actually connects to a database. The JDBC DriverManager class then sends all JDBC API calls to the loaded driver.
Type of JDBC Drivers
JDBC – ODBC Bridge
Native – API Partly Java Driver
JDBC – Net pure Java Driver
Native – Protocol Pure Java Driver

3. JDBC – ODBC bridge plus ODBC driver, also called Type 1.
Translates JDBC API calls into Microsoft Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) calls that are then passed to the ODBC driver. The ODBC binary code must be loaded on every client computer that uses this type of driver.
Native – API, partly Java driver, also called Type 2.
Converts JDBC API calls into DBMS-specific client API calls. Like the bridge driver, this type of driver requires that some binary code be loaded on each client computer.
JDBC – Net, pure Java driver, also called Type 3.
Sends JDBC API calls to a middle-tier net server that translates the calls into the DBMS-specific network protocol. The translated calls are then sent to a particular DBMS.
Native – protocol, pure Java driver, also called Type 4.
Converts JDBC API calls directly into the DBMS-specific network protocol without a middle tier. This allows the client applications to connect directly to the database server.

4. JDBC Implementation
JDBC is implemented as the java.sql.package. Some of the classes of this package are:
CLASSES
PACKAGES
Drivers
java.sql.Driver
java.sql.DriverManager
java.sql.DriverPropertyInfo
Connection
java.sql.Connection
Statements
java.sql.Statement
java.sql.PreparedStatement
java.sql.CallableStatement
ResultSet
java.sql.ResultSet
Exceptions
java.sql.SQLException
Date
java.sql.Date

5. Class.forName(“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”);
How to Java Application or Applets Connected to the Database
Loading the Driver
Making the Connection
Creating and Executing a JDBC statement
Retrieving Data From the Result Sets
Loading the Driver
If you are using the JDBC – ODBC Bridge driver, use the following statement to load it.
Class.forName(“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”);
2. Making the Connection
To get the driver connected to the database, which is done by creating a Connection object and initializing it with connection obtained from the DriverManager
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,
“LoginName”, “pwd”);

6. Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
3. Creating and executing a JDBC statement
a. A statement object is used to send the SQL statement to the database.
b. You create a statement object and then execute it, supplying the appropriate execute method with the SQL statement you want to send.
c. For a SELECT statement, the method used is executeQuery. For statements that create or modify tables, the method used is executeUpdate
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
Example:
stmt.executeQuery (SELECT * FROM MARK WHERE SLNO = "+ t1.getText() +"“);
Stmt.executeUpdate(UPDATE MARK SET SLNO="+ s1 +",NAME='"+ s2 +"'
WHERE SLNO="+ s1 +“);

7. ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery (“select * from mark”);
4. Retrieving Data from the Result Sets
JDBC uses ResultSet object to return the output. So the previous executeQuery statement can be fully written as:
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery (“select * from mark”);