1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 31 REVIEW
Geographies of Inequality:
Race & Ethnicity

2. HUMANITY Consists of one race – HUMAN!!!
Humans = 99.9% Genetically Identical
Humans differ physically
Dominant and Recessive Genes
Differences used to create divisions 1

4. Human Taxonomy

6. GENETICS - Bio branch of heredity
basic unit of Heredity
Genotype –
The set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait
Phenotype –
Visible (physical) characteristics (hair, eye color, height)

7. RACISM Divisions Based on visible / physical (phenotype)
Assumed superiority / inferiority based on physical characteristics
Skin Color as dividing force
Rooted in CULTURE – not biological
Anthropologists argue > only 1 race: HUMAN

8. Ethnicity
Differs from race / racism – based on cultural history & heritage
Can overlap with racism – race used as a symbol / source of cultural division (minority)
Algerians in Franc

9. Ethnicity
Cultural/Ethnic Revival- the process of continuous reinvigoration of cultural traits and behavior in communities geographically separated from their original source area.
Cultural Linkage- migrants who have moved away but renew or maintain their connections with their homeland (facilitated by modern technology

10. Ethnicity
Race
Definition:
An ethnic group or ethnicity is a population of human beings whose members identify with each other, on the basis of a real or a presumed common genealogy or ancestry.
The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics which result from genetic ancestry.

11. Ethnicity
Race
Significance:
Ethnicity connotes shared cultural traits and a shared group history. Some ethnic groups also share linguistic or religious traits, while others share a common group history but not a common language or religion.
Race presumes shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual or asserted. In the early 19th century, racial differences were ascribed significance in areas of intelligence, health, and personality. There is no evidence validating these ideas.

12. CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS

14. AFRICAN AM., HISPANIC, ASIAN POPULATIONS: 1990

15. CHICAGO 2010 One Dot = 25 People Red = White Blue = Black Orange = Hispanic Green = Asian

16. People / Places ETHNIC CLEANSING – Slaughter / forced removal of
one ethnic group by another
ETHNIC ISLAND –
small ethnically homogeneous
enclave within larger diverse Population context

17. Territory
ENCLAVE – a distinct group that lives or operates together within a larger community (surrounded)
The IB program at LP
Kosovo in Serbia
Chinatown in Chicago
EXCLAVE – Part of one state isolated / separated from the main body by a foreign state (islands cannot be exclaves)
Alaska & USA
W. Berlin & W. Germany

18. C is A’s Enclave & B’s Exclave

19. D is B’s Exclave, but it is not an Enclave

20. Lesotho =
ENCLAVE
Country

21. Exclave
Alaska is an Exclave of USA

22. Virginia’s Exclave Territory (also Fragmented!!!)