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AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 31 REVIEW
Geographies of Inequality: Race & Ethnicity
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HUMANITY Consists of one race – HUMAN!!!
Humans = 99.9% Genetically Identical Humans differ physically Dominant and Recessive Genes Differences used to create divisions 1
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Human Taxonomy
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GENETICS - Bio branch of heredity
basic unit of Heredity Genotype – The set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait Phenotype – Visible (physical) characteristics (hair, eye color, height)
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RACISM Divisions Based on visible / physical (phenotype)
Assumed superiority / inferiority based on physical characteristics Skin Color as dividing force Rooted in CULTURE – not biological Anthropologists argue > only 1 race: HUMAN
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Ethnicity Differs from race / racism – based on cultural history & heritage Can overlap with racism – race used as a symbol / source of cultural division (minority) Algerians in Franc
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Ethnicity Cultural/Ethnic Revival- the process of continuous reinvigoration of cultural traits and behavior in communities geographically separated from their original source area. Cultural Linkage- migrants who have moved away but renew or maintain their connections with their homeland (facilitated by modern technology
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Ethnicity Race Definition: An ethnic group or ethnicity is a population of human beings whose members identify with each other, on the basis of a real or a presumed common genealogy or ancestry. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics which result from genetic ancestry.
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Ethnicity Race Significance: Ethnicity connotes shared cultural traits and a shared group history. Some ethnic groups also share linguistic or religious traits, while others share a common group history but not a common language or religion. Race presumes shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual or asserted. In the early 19th century, racial differences were ascribed significance in areas of intelligence, health, and personality. There is no evidence validating these ideas.
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CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS
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AFRICAN AM., HISPANIC, ASIAN POPULATIONS: 1990
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CHICAGO 2010 One Dot = 25 People Red = White Blue = Black Orange = Hispanic Green = Asian
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People / Places ETHNIC CLEANSING – Slaughter / forced removal of
one ethnic group by another ETHNIC ISLAND – small ethnically homogeneous enclave within larger diverse Population context
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Territory ENCLAVE – a distinct group that lives or operates together within a larger community (surrounded) The IB program at LP Kosovo in Serbia Chinatown in Chicago EXCLAVE – Part of one state isolated / separated from the main body by a foreign state (islands cannot be exclaves) Alaska & USA W. Berlin & W. Germany
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C is A’s Enclave & B’s Exclave
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D is B’s Exclave, but it is not an Enclave
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Lesotho = ENCLAVE Country
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Exclave Alaska is an Exclave of USA
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Virginia’s Exclave Territory (also Fragmented!!!)
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