1. Chambers and Vessels

2. First Things First Four chambers Four valves Lots of vessels
Two on each side of heart
Four valves
One between each chamber
One leaving the chamber
Lots of vessels
Coming into and leaving the heart

3. Cardiac Chambers Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

4. Atria Located in the base of the heart
Base is positioned superior, posterior and rightward direction
Both atria have appendage (finger like attachment)
Protrudes outside the heart
Increases the atrial surface and aids in contraction
Divided by IAS
Fossa Ovalis in center
Separated from ventricles by AV Groove(coronary sulcus)

5. LA Appendage

6. Right Atrial Appendage

8. Fossa Ovalis 1. Sinus venarum 2. Terminal crest 3. Fossa ovalis
4. Rim or limbus of the fossa ovalis
5. Musculi pectinati
6. Valve of the inferior vena cava

9. Sinus Venarum Part of the embryonic heart
Found between the two vena cava
Becomes part of the smooth muscle of right atrium

10. Coronary Sinus
Collection of veins that form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium,
Delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium along with the IVC and SVC
Opens into the RA between the inferior vena cava and the atrio-ventricular orifice.
Protected by a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the auricle, the coronary valve (the valve of Thebesius).

12. Coronary Sulcus
The Atria are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus (also called coronary groove, auriculoventricular groove, atrioventricular groove, AV groove); this contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart, and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by the root of the pulmonary artery

13. This shows the circumflex artery which sits in the Coronary Sulcus

14. Ventricles Pumping Chambers Right Left Relaxes Receives blood from RA
Contracts and ejects blood out PA
Left
Receives blood from LA
Contracts and ejects blood out Ao

15. Position of Ventricles
Located in inferior portion of heart
Apex
Blunt rounded end
Inferior, anterior and leftward
Divided by IVS
Walls
Septal, anterior, lateral inferior and posterior
Great Vessels
Attach at the superior aspect of ventricles
Carry blood away from heart

17. (A) and (B) Two parts of the same heart sectioned longitudinally.
(A) and (B) Two parts of the same heart sectioned longitudinally. The broken lines divide the left ventricle into three portions. Note the cross-over relationship between right and left ventricular outflow tracts and the smooth upper part of the ventricular septum leading to the aorta. RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract
Ho S Y Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10:iii3-iii7
Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author For permissions please

18. (A) The papillary muscles in the left ventricle, fine apical trabeculations, a long false tendon (green arrows), and broad muscle bundles (triangles).
(A) The papillary muscles in the left ventricle, fine apical trabeculations, a long false tendon (green arrows), and broad muscle bundles (triangles). The asterisk marks the membranous septum. Note the thin musculature at the apex (arrow). (B) Simulated ‘four-chamber’ cut through a heart with a dilated left ventricle. The bases of the papillary muscles are continuous with the trabeculations. This heart shows multiple fine strands of false tendons crossing the cavity, and trabeculations also on the posterior and postero-inferior walls. AL, anterolateral papillary muscle; PM, postero-medial papillary muscle.
Ho S Y Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10:iii3-iii7
Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author For permissions please

20. Great Vessels Includes veins and arteries Great Arteries
PA and Ao
Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
Pulmonary Artery (PA)
Pulmonary Veins (PV)
Aorta (Ao)

22. SVC and IVC Carry deoxygenated blood from body to RA
SVC receives blood from brain and upper extremities
IVC receives blood from abdomen and lower extremities

23. SVC
IVC

24. Pulmonary Artery Main PA NOTE:
Carries deoxygenated blood from RV to lungs
Branches
Right Pulmonary Artery (RPA)
Left Pulmonary Artery (LPA)
NOTE:
PA is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood
Arteries carry blood away from heart

27. MRI of PA
Heart

28. Pulmonary Veins Four Veins NOTE:
Right Upper(Superior), Right Lower (Inferior), Left Upper(Superior), Left Lower(Inferior)
Carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart
NOTE:
PV are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood
Veins carry blood toward the heart

30. RU LU LL RL

31. Aorta Largest artery in body Carries blood from LV to body
Super highway of systemic circulation
Many branches
Feeds heart (coronary artery system)brain, abdomen, and limbs

33. Angiogram of Aorta

34. Abbreviations Ao-Aorta IAS- Interatrial Septum
IVS- Invertentricular Septum
LA-Left Atrium
LPA-Left Pulmonary Artery
LV Left Ventricle
PA- Pulmonary Artery
PV4 Pulmonary Veins X4
RA- Right Atrium
RPA- Right Pulmonary Artery
RV- Right Ventricle
SVC-Superior Vena Cava
IVC- Inferior Vena Cava

35. The Crista Terminalis
A vertical ridge of smooth myocardium within the right atrium
On the lateral wall of the chamber.
Extends between the right side of the orifice of the superior vena cava inferiorly to the right side of the valve of the inferior vena cava.
It marks the dividing line between the posterior, smooth sinus venarum ( the remains of the developmental right horn of the sinus venosus) and the anterior, rough part of the right atrium (the original auricular chamber of the embryo).
It forms from the superior part of the right venous valve where the sinus venosus enters the right atrium.
The Sinoatrial node sits within the upper part of the crista terminalis.
On the external surface of the heart, the crista terminalis occasionally is represented as the sulcus terminalis.

36. Opening of coronary sinus Valve of IVC valve of coronary sinus
Aortic Arch
SVC
R Auricle
Limbus of Fossa Ovalis
Crista Terminalis
musculi pectinati
Fossa Ovalis
IVC
Opening of coronary sinus
Valve of IVC
valve of coronary sinus

37. Review of Crista Terminalis
Runs between IVC and SVC
Marks division between smooth Sinus Venarum and rough anterior part of atrium
Contains SA Node
Is Sulcus Terminalis on outside of heart
Crista Terminalis

38. Heart Anatomy

39. Posterior View of the Heart