1. KEY CONCEPT As the human population grows, the demand for Earth’s resources increases.

2. Objectives
Summarize the current state and effects of human population growth
Explain the importance of effective resource management

3. Vocabulary
Nonrenewable resource
Renewable resource
Ecological footprint

4. Earth’s human population continues to grow.
Earth’s human carrying capacity is unknown.

5. Technology has helped to increase Earth’s carrying capacity.
gas-powered farm equipment
medical advancements

6. The growing human population exerts pressure on Earth’s natural resources.
Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they form.
coal
oil

7. Renewable resources cannot be used up or can replenish themselves over time.
wind
water
sunlight
Growing use of nonrenewable resources may lead to a crisis.
Resources must be properly managed.

8. An ecological footprint is the amount of land needed to support a person.
The land must produce and maintain enough
food and water
shelter
energy
waste

9. Several factors affect the size of the ecological footprint.
amount and efficiency of resource use
amount and toxicity of waste produced

10. Give 3 examples of how technology has influenced human population growth

11. What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources

12. What factors can limit the growth of the human population?

13. Air Quality
KEY CONCEPT Fossil fuel emissions affect the biosphere.

14. Air Quality
Objective
Describe the sources, types, and effects of pollution
Explain how air pollution contributes to acid rain

15. Vocabulary
Pollution
Smog
Particulate
Acid rain
Greenhouse effect
Global warming

16. Pollutants accumulate in the air.
Air Quality
Pollutants accumulate in the air.
Pollution is any undesirable factor added to the air, water, or soil.
Smog is one type of air pollution.
sunlight interacts with pollutants in the air
pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions
made of particulates and ground-level ozone

17. Air Quality
Smog can be harmful to human health.
Acid rain is caused by fossil fuel emissions.
produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to drop
can lower the pH of a lake or stream
can harm trees

18. Air pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere.
Air Quality
Air pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere.
The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and fall over time.
High levels of carbon dioxide are typical of Earth’s warmer periods.

19. sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere
Air Quality
The greenhouse effect slows the release of energy from Earth’s atmosphere.
sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere
energy is absorbed and reradiated as heat
greenhouse gases absorb longer wavelengths
Greenhouse gas molecules rerelease infrared radiation
methane (CH4)
water (H2O)
carbon dioxide (CO2)

20. Global warming refers to the trend of increasing global temperatures.
Air Quality
Global warming refers to the trend of increasing global temperatures.
North Pole

21. Name and describe 2 ways in which pollution affects ecosystems
Air Quality
Name and describe 2 ways in which pollution affects ecosystems

22. How does the greenhouse effect keep Earth warm?
Air Quality
How does the greenhouse effect keep Earth warm?

23. Air Quality
Explain how a build-up of CO2 in the atmosphere could increase Earths global temperature.

24. Air Quality
Greenhouse gasses are found close to earths surface and high above in the atmosphere. Name 2 important functions of greenhouse gasses at Earths surface.

25. Air Quality
Ocean producers such as phytoplankton are an important part of food webs, but they require a specific temperature range to survive. How might increased water temperature affect these ocean food webs?

26. Water Quality
KEY CONCEPT Pollution of Earth’s freshwater supply threatens habitat and health.

27. Water Quality
Objectives
Describe how water pollution affects ecosystems
Explain how biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in food chains

28. Water Quality
Vocabulary
Indicator species
biomagnification

29. Biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in the food chain.
Water Quality
Biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in the food chain.
Pollutants can move up the food chain.
predators eat contaminated prey
pollution accumulates at each stage of the food chain
Top consumers, including humans, are most affected.

30. 2 Types of Pollutants that undergo Biomagnification are PCBs and DDT
Water Quality
2 Types of Pollutants that undergo Biomagnification are PCBs and DDT
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely used as coolant fluids
PCBs can negatively impact growth and development within the egg, causing
Genetic mutations
Deformities
Death

31. Water Quality
DDT was made available for use as an agricultural insecticide after WWII
In 1962, Silent Spring by American biologist Rachel Carson was published.
The book suggested that DDT and other pesticides may cause cancer and that their agricultural use was a threat to wildlife, particularly birds.
Its publication was one of the signature events in the birth of the environmental movement, and resulted in a large public outcry that eventually led to DDT being banned for agricultural use in the US in 1972.
The US ban on DDT is cited by scientists as a major factor in the comeback of the bald eagle, and the peregrine falcon from near-extinction in the contiguous US
The book catalogued the environmental impacts of the indiscriminate spraying of DDT in the US and questioned the logic of releasing large amounts of chemicals into the environment without fully understanding their effects on ecology or human health.

32. How do PCBs affect bird populations through biomagnification?
Water Quality
How do PCBs affect bird populations through biomagnification?

33. Water Quality
Would a buffalo or a mountain lion be more affected by biomagnification? Why?

34. How does the biomagnification pyramid compare with the energy pyramid?
Water Quality
How does the biomagnification pyramid compare with the energy pyramid?

35. 16.4 Threats to biodiversity
KEY CONCEPT The impact of a growing human population threatens biodiversity.

36. 16.4 Threats to biodiversity
Objectives
Assess the consequences of loss of biodiversity
Explain how loss of habitat and introduced species affect ecosystems and biodiversity

37. 16.4 Threats to biodiversity
Vocabulary
Habitat fragmentation
Introduced species

38. Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the biosphere.
Threats to biodiversity
Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the biosphere.
The loss of biodiversity has long-term effects.
loss of medical and technological advances
extinction of species
loss of ecosystem stability

39. Loss of habitat eliminates species.
Threats to biodiversity
Loss of habitat eliminates species.
Habitat fragmentation prevents an organism from accessing its entire home range.
occurs when a barrier forms within the habitat
often caused by human development

40. Habitat corridors are a solution to the problem.
corridors can be road overpasses or underpasses
allow species to move between different areas of habitat

41. Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem.
Threats to biodiversity
Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem.
An introduced species is one that is brought to an ecosystem by humans.
accidental
purposeful
Invasive species can have an environmental and economic impact.

42. Invasive species often push out native species.
Threats to biodiversity
Invasive species often push out native species.
kudzu (southeastern United States)
Burmese python (Florida Everglades) & mice (Australia)

43. List reasons that biodiversity is important to humans
Threats to biodiversity
List reasons that biodiversity is important to humans

44. How does habitat fragmentation affect migrating bird populations?
Threats to biodiversity
How does habitat fragmentation affect migrating bird populations?

45. What types of damage can introduced species cause?
Threats to biodiversity
What types of damage can introduced species cause?

46. How could continued fragmentation reduce biodiversity?
Threats to biodiversity
How could continued fragmentation reduce biodiversity?