1. Topic 4.2: Access to Fresh Water
Starter:
How can we reduce the amount of water we use in our homes?

2. 350 litres USA/Japan 200 litres Europe
Sub-Saharan Africa
350 litres
USA/Japan
200 litres
Europe

3. Some stats first 1.1 billion live without clean water.
2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation.
1.8 million people die every year from diarrheal diseases.
3,900 children die every day from waterborne diseases.
It take 13,000l of water to produce 1kg of beef.

5. What's the problem? 97% of all the water on Earth is saline (salty)
Most living organisms cannot use salt water.
Desalination is expensive, fossil fuel dependent and produces salt as a waste product.

7. What do we use water for?
List as many uses of fresh water as you can think of in your notes.
Domestic – drinking, washing, cleaning.
Agriculture – drinking (animals), irrigation.
Industry - manufacturing, mining, cooling.
Hydroelectric power
Transportation
Marking boundaries
Demand is constantly increasing

8. Aquifers (ground water storage)
Very slow to refill (sustainable usage?)
Fossil aquifers (impossible to be sustainable)
Video – What is an aquifer

9. How can we increase fresh water supplies?
Reservoirs
Redistribution
Desalination plants
Rainwater harvesting (large and small scale)
Artificially recharge aquifers
Video - Recharging aquifers

10. What is grey water and black water
The key difference between the two is that black water has come into contact with fecal matter. Fecal matter is a haven for harmful bacteria and disease-causing pathogens. Additionally, this waste doesn't break down and decompose in water fast or effectively enough for use in domestic irrigation without the risk of contamination.
Gray water, on the other hand, has not come into contact with solid human waste. This greatly decreases the risk of disease and increases the speed at which it can be broken down and safely reabsorbed into an active garden or lawn.

11. Grey water Grey water vs. Black water
Currently they have the same fate
How can we solve this issue?

12. Pesticides/herbicides/fertilisers
Reduce use (smallest amount possible)
Organic fertilisers (slower release)
Accuracy of application
Use highly selective ones

13. Video Case study - Canada's Waterless communities pt 1 Video Case study - Canada's Waterless communities pt 2
Canada has the world's second-largest supply of fresh water, but 169 First Nation communities have limited or no access to it. Nearly a quarter of the First Nations communities administered by Health Canada are currently without clean water. The alerts issued by the federal government range from "boil water advisories" going back more than 20 years to crippling "Do Not Consume" orders. VICE goes to Shoal Lake 40, a reserve only a few hours from Winnipeg that sits on a manmade island. The lake the reserve sits on supplies Winnipeg's drinking water, but Shoal Lake 40 has been under a boil water advisory for 17 years.

14. Case Study Conflict over freshwater
Use laptops to research two conflicts over freshwater.
E.g. Euphrates, Jordan, Nile, Aral Sea
When, where, who, why, resolutions?
You need to know your chosen case studies in good detail.

15. Case Study High quality of life increases demand on water.
Long, hot, dry summers.
Unfair distribution?