1. The Geysers: an Injection Success Story
M. Ali Khan

2. The Location
Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources – State of California

3. The Geysers

4. Field Summary Area 16 x 6 km = 64 sq km Wells
460 Steam Wells, 75 Injection Wells
Average Well Depth
2,500 m
Average Caprock Depth
1,200 m
Bottom Hole Temperature
300/250oC
Reservoir Pressure
500 psi /150 psi
Cumulative Steam Produced
2.4 trillion kg
~398 million bbls
Steam Production (2009)
59 billion kg
Injection (2009)
42 billion kg
Electricity Produced (2009)
7.6/6.9 (gross/net) million megawatt hrs

5. Rapid Steam Production Decline
The Problem
Rapid Steam Production Decline

6. The Solution
Illustration courtesy of Northern California Power Agency

7. Steam Production is Stabilized
The Results
Steam Production is Stabilized

8. Incremental Electricity
Southeast Geysers

9. NCGs & Effluent Injection

10. Injection & Induced Seismicity
>1.5 (ML)
EQ Count/yr

11. Induced Seismicity
, >1.5 (ML)

12. Mass Replacement Status

13. Caprock
1,700 psi
1,200 m
Reservoir
150 psi

14. Conclusions Additional Green Electricity Innovative Sewage Disposal
Cleaner Air Emission
Induced Seismicity
50 Years Production; added another 50
Added 200+ MWe

15. Motion Sensor Camera is on!
Say Cheese…
Motion Sensor Camera is on!
Thank you!

16. Slides after this are not for presentation!

17. Best Reservoir Model…

18. Nevertheless, the huge kettle lived happily
After the shotgun date, with recycled waste
Underneath The Geysers, a mile deep
A huge tea-kettle was in superheat
Piped-in, to inflate, and re-hydrate
Enthalpy was a little downer, of late
Plenty of micro earthquakes and shakes
Scaring everybody, but no faults or breaks
Green energy from Flush to Flash
Once again, Phoenix rises from ash
Rescue came from treated human waste
From the counties of Sonoma and Lake
Approaching single phase and no mate
Beyond saturation point, in dry-out state

19. An Injection Well

20. A Production Well

21. A Power Plant

23. California Rule of Capture
sınır
Soru?

24. Rapid Steam Production Decline
The Problem
Rapid Steam Production Decline