1. Post WWII

2. “The Big 3”

3. Yalta Conference February 4–11, 1945
Try German and Japanese leaders as war criminals. (Nuremberg Trials)
Agreed to set up the United Nations.
Stalin agrees to "free and unfettered" elections in Eastern Europe.

4. Potsdam Conference July 17th-August 1st, 1945
What to do with Germany?!?!
After WWII the leaders of the world were extremely conflicted about how to handle Germany after the war, they did not want to be overly harsh like after WWI but they also did not want to appear weak.
In your groups you will complete your “what to do about Germany” activity to help solve this historical problem!

5. Attlee, Truman, and Stalin

6. Potsdam Conference
Stalin agrees to enter the war against Japan after the war in Europe is over.
Stalin makes it clear that he will never leave Eastern Europe and that there will never be democratic elections in Eastern Europe.
Truman tells Stalin we have developed a bomb of "enormous destructive power." Stalin hardly responds.
Germany divided into 4 zones.

7. What they decided…
Occupation of Germany by the Allies: demilitarization, denazification, and install a democratic government
Division of Germany and Austria respectively into four occupation zones
Agreement on the prosecution of Nazi war criminals.
Took away all territorial gains made by Germany during the war.
Germany's eastern border was to be shifted westwards effectively reducing Germany in size by approximately 25% .
Expulsions of the German populations remaining beyond the new eastern borders of Germany.
Agreement on war reparations to the Soviet Union (10% of annual production)
Ensuring that German standards of living did not exceed the European average.
Destruction of German industrial war-potential through the destruction or control of all industry with military potential. To this end, all civilian shipyards and aircraft factories were to be dismantled or otherwise destroyed. All production capacity associated with war-potential, such as metals, chemical, machinery etc. were to be reduced
All research and international trade was to be controlled.
The economy was also to be reorganized with primary emphasis on agriculture and peaceful domestic industries.

10. Think-pair-share
Were the decisions made at Potsdam the correct way of handling Germany after the war? Why/Why not?
30 seconds…

11. Nuremberg Trials International court tried Nazi war criminals
Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany
12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death
200 other officials were found guilty, but give lesser sentences

12. Start of the Cold War!
"The Soviet Union does not have to attack the United States to secure domination of the world. It can achieve its ends by isolating us and swallowing up all our allies." H.S. Truman

13. Post WWII
Two superpowers arose with two drastically different viewpoints. ?
Capitalist Democracy
Communism

14. Capitalist Democracy vs. Communism

15. So what the heck is Communism?
A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, party holds power, in which all goods are equally shared by the people.

16. Capitalist Democracy vs. Communism
Private citizens control almost all economic activity
Free market economy, more variety
Freedom of speech
Government officials elected by the public
Multi party system
State controls all property
Government controlled businesses, less variety, and no competition
You can not criticize the government
Restricted Facebook pages
Totalitarian Government and no opposing parties
Some videogames are outlawed! What!

17. 2 conflicting ideas

18. Is Communism so bad?
What are some good aspects of Communism? ?

19. Post WWII United Nations, April 25, 1945
This created a global peace keeping organization.
Ironically the United States and the Soviet Union used the UN as a forum to compete and spend their influence.

20. The Potsdam Conference
The US, Britain, and Russia meet July of 1945.
This was the final wartime conference.
US President Truman wanted USSR occupied countries in Eastern Europe to have free elections
Stalin disagreed, he banned free elections in Eastern Europe.
“The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything." Stalin

21. Different Views
U.S.
Wanted to rebuild European governments that allowed free elections
Wanted to rebuild Germany
Wanted access to raw materials to continue U.S. growth
USSR
Wanted to encourage Communism in other countries
Wanted to keep Germany weak so it would never threaten the Soviet Union
Wanted to control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe

22. Iron Curtain: symbolized the ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe on the boarder of Russia and Germany from 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

23. ”An iron curtain has descended across the Continent” W. Churchill

24. Truman responds
Truman doctrine: declared that it must be policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting a Communist takeover.
Example: U.S. gave Turkey and Greece 400 million dollars to prevent a Communist takeover.
Containment: Became the U.S. foreign policy, took measures to prevent the spread of Communism in other countries.

25. Containment

26. The Marshall Plan After WWII many cities had been destroyed
Millions of people lived in refuge camps
Secretary of State, George Marshall proposed that the U.S. provide aid
The U.S. provide 16 countries with roughly 13 billion dollars in aid
Most when to Britain, France, Italy, and West Germany

27. The Marshall Plan

28. The Struggle for Germany!
West Germany was occupied by the U.S., Great Britain, and France
East Germany was occupied by the USSR
Berlin was split in half
Problem was that Berlin was located in East Germany
Stalin quickly closed all roads and rail routes into West Berlin, no food or fuel could reach this part of the city

30. Solution=?
The Berlin Airlift: U.S. and British officials began flying food and supplies into West Berlin
This lasted for 327 days, in 277,000 flights they brought 2.3 million tons of supplies
Eventually Stalin gave in and reopened routes to West Berlin

31. Aftermath
The Berlin blockade increased Western Europe's fear of Soviet aggression
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): 12 countries pledged military support to one another in case of an attack from the USSR