1. The Civil War
Testable Material

2. Battle of Antietam (1862)
One of few Southern incursions into the North (fought in Maryland).
Lee trying to prove South could win
Could bring Britain in on South side
Basically, hoped it would be CW version of Saratoga
South losses, gives Lincoln opportunity he’d been looking for: redefine purpose of war which he would do with Emanc. Proclamation.

3. Emancipation Proclamation
Sent to Southern states in Sept and said they could rejoin w/ no penalty before 1/1/63
Jan. 1, ‘63: all slaves in area of rebellion would be free
Politically driven: redefine Union’s
purpose for war to moral reasons
Also aimed at getting slaves to slow
production of goods necessary for South
to fight the war.
Effect: Decreased growing unrest
in the North and led to slaves in
South working less hard and finding
Ways to rebel, such as breaking tools.

4. GETTYSBURG/VICKSBURG
Gettysburg: turning point of eastern war
Vicksburg: turning point of western war (mississippi river)
After Lee loses over half his army at Gettysburg, he will be on the defensive and constantly retreating into the South for the remaining two years of the war.
Vicksburg was last stronghold of the South on the Mississippi River. Once that fell to Union, north had total control of Mississippi River and could execute the Anaconda Plan.

5. GRANT & TOTAL WAR War dragging Break will of South
Everything fair game
Wm. Tecumseh Sherman
By late 1863 the war was dragging on and Lincoln was facing tough reelection campaign. So he asks Gen. Ulysesses S Grant to come up with strategy to break will of South to fight. Grant came up with Total War in which the union would pursue a scorched earth policy in the South. Simply move forward always, leave nothing behind, just burn it all.
It’s a physical strategy in the fact that you destroy crops, cities, supplies and destroy rail lines (Sherman neckties, look it up). But it’s much more a psychological strategy for the supporters of the CSA army. If you know that the enemy is going to burn down your home/farm/business and the only way to prevent it is for your army to surrender, then you might push for surrender b/c you know that ultimately your side is going to lose the war and you know they can’t protect you now.
William Tecumseh Sherman was put in charge of the most famous total war campaign that burned ¾ of Atlanta and carved a 20-mile wide swath through the heart of Georgia from ATL to Savannah, then north into the heart of S. Carolina and ultimately into N. Carolina.

6. South Surrenders A. Appomattox Court House (Virginia)
1. North Cut rail lines to Petersburg
2. Robert E. Lee takes off, trapped at Appo C.H.
3. Grant’s conditions generous
a. No treason charge to CSA soldiers
b. Soldiers keep horses (need them to work on farms)
4. Lee accepts on April 9, War over.