1. MLO: What was the significance of the Revolt of the Northern Earls

2. Threat 1: English Catholics Threat 2: Mary, Queen of Scots
Summarise each threat in no more than 20 words.
Rate the threats 1-4 in order of importance
Justify the MOST significant threat. Discuss short/long term impact and try and establish links and connections
Threat 4: the Dutch Revolt
Threat 3: Spain

3. Why did Northern Earls Revolt?
Power
Religion
Using the fact file – come up with as many reason on either side for why a revolt happened
Challenge – How are POWER and RELIGION linked?

4. Timeline of the Northern Revolt
Event
Danger Rating
9th November – Bells are rung at the Earl of Northumberland's residences to begin rebellion.
14th His forces seize Durham Cathedral, mass is taken and symbols of Protestantism are destroyed
16th November – The Earl of Sussex writes to the Privy Council as he has difficulty finding enough men to fight
22nd November – All of the North East of England is under rebel, as far south as Braham Moor (by York)
30th November – Rebels capture Hartlepool ready for a potential Spanish Invasions
14th December – Rebels seize a Barnard Castle by Durham
16th December – The Earl of Sussex managed to raise an army 16,000 strong. The rebels army of 5,400 flee.
19th December – The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland flee to Scotland. The rebellion failed.
At what time was Elizabeth in most danger?
Why did the rebel army fail? What was the turning point?
Challenge – What needed to change to make a successful rebellion possible?

5. What was the significance of the revolt?
Elizabeth ordered the execution of 450 rebels, including Northumberland. Norfolk was forgiven and Mary remained in prison
The failed revolt led to the Pope issuing a papal bull (order written by the pope) calling for all loyal Catholics to depose her. Elizabeth was also excommunicated.
Elizabeth's failure to deal with Mary QoS harshly upset her Privy Council and encouraged Mary to continue plotting, which she did multiple times
Elizabeth widened the definition of treason to include call her a heretic or bringing in a Papal Bull
It was the first serious large revolt against Elizabeth and much of the North was out of her control. She was lucky to remain in power.
It ended the power and control that the Catholic Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland had over England.
Long Term Effect
Causes a huge change to power/religion
Effects a wide range of people

6. MLO: What other plots occurred against Elizabeth?

7. Task: Examine the three separate plots and complete the table
Who was involved
What was the plan?
How dangerous was the plot?
Ridolfi Plot 1571
Throckmorton Plot 1583
Babington Plot 1586
Challenge: What similarities can you identify with all the plots?
Super Challenge: Why did Elizabeth face so many plots?
Do Elizabeth's reactions prove she was a strong queen or just a hated queen?

8. Describe two key features of the Plots against Elizabeth (4marks)

9. The Execution of Mary QoS
Faced by overwhelming evidence, Elizabeth had no choice but to agree to Mary's trial.
Mary denied all charges and said the court had no authority to try her, a divinely appointed monarch.
Elizabeth delayed signing the death warrant until February 1587
Mary was beheaded on 8th February 1587 – not perfectly!
‘It took 3 blows to remove her head. Her lips were still moving after her head came off. The execution tried to lift her head to show the crowd but was left holding her wig. Her dog appeared from her dress.’

10. Elizabeth was right to execute Mary Queen of Scots!
Agree
Disagree
Justify!

11. Why did it take almost 20 years to execute Mary Queen of Scots?
Elizabeth had passed an Act in 1585 saying that Mary was barred from the succession
The evidence gathered by Elizabeth’s spy master was convincing enough to put her on trial
The Spanish were preparing for an invasion, and after false rumours about Mary’s escape to Spain surfaced, most of Elizabeth’s privy council convinced her it was too dangerous to let Mary live