1. Latin III Stage XXXI MarshLatinIII.wordpress.com
Ablative Absolute
Latin III
Stage XXXI
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2. Ablative Absolute
This construction is used to denote the time or circumstances of an action.
It usually carries an idea of time, cause, or condition.
It is grammatically unconnected to the rest of the sentence; has no direct connection with either the subject or the predicate.
Equivalent to an English adverbial phrase.

3. The Three Ways to Construct an Ablative Absolute
Noun + Noun
Noun + Adjective
Noun + Participle

4. Noun + Noun Two nouns that are both in the ablative case
There is no participle for the verb sum esse, so insert being with this construction
Caesare duce, …..
With Caesar being the commander ….
Since Caesar is the commander….

5. Noun + Adjective
A noun and an adjective that are both in the ablative case
There is no participle for the verb sum esse, so insert being with this construction
Caesare invito, …..
With Caesar being unwilling ….
Since Caesar is unwilling….

6. Noun + Participle
A noun and a participle (usually the perfect passive participle) that are both in the ablative case
This is the most common construction for the ablative absolute!
Caesare tenente imperium, …..
With Caesar holding the power ….
Since Caesar is holding the power….
 Note the since the participle still retains some properties of verbs, it can still take a direct object!

7. How to translate? with when since as
11/28/2018
How to translate?
The best way to translate the ablative absolute is to use some type of adverbial conjunction, such as:
with when since as

8. For example His rebus auditis …..
With these things having been heard…..
As these things were heard…..
Since these things were heard…..
and so on…….

9. The Ablative Absolute has certain characteristics that you should look for:
It must contain a noun or pronoun in the ablative case
Most of the time it will also contain a perfect passive participle (also in the ablative case!)
Because these are regularly declined, you already know what endings to look for: -ā, -ō, -īs
It often (but not always) begins a Latin sentence. In most textbooks,the ablative absolutes are set off by commas.