1. Causes of Cell Death

2. Anoxia
Anoxic Injury: cell damage/death caused by lack of oxygen

3. Usually results from lack of blood supply caused by:
Occlusion of vessels or clotting
Occlusion: “blocking of”
What would be the concern if you had anoxic damage to your myocardial cells?
Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
Accounts for 20-25% of deaths in industrial nations

4. Occlusion of Vessels
Can also lead to stroke if occurs in vessels going to the brain.

5. Arterial Embolus

6. Anemia May also be the result of anemia
Deficiency of rbc and/or hemoglobin
Not enough oxygen is getting to tissue
Caused by:
Blood loss
Not enough iron

7. Hemoglobin The oxygen carrying protein in the rbc
Primary function is to bind O2 that diffuses into the bloodstream from the lungs and then transport it to outlying tissues and to transport CO2 back

8. ©

9. Iron (Fe) forms the central structure of hemoglobin
Iron has an affinity for oxygen
You have ~250 million hemoglobin molecules on one rbc
Each hemoglobin has the capacity to bind between 1 and 4 O2 molecules

10. ©

11. Anemia How do you feel if your cells do not have enough oxygen? Tired
Lethargic
Low immune system

12. Anemia
#1 group affected by anemia?
Young women (reproductive age)

13. Why? Lack of eating Women have fewer rbc than men
Males 5.4 million rbc per mL of blood
Women 4.8 million rbc per mL of blood
Menstruation: lose approximately 1/10 pint of blood

14. Anemia Fe deficient anemia most common Less common: sickle cell anemia
Genetic disorder
1 amino acid is misshaped which reduces the ability to deliver O2
Sickle shaped rbc have difficulty moving through small blood vessels

15. Sickle Cell Anemia ©http://bsw-uiuc

16. Sickle Cell Anemia ©http://www. microscopyu

17. CO Poisoning Can be the result of carbon monoxide poisoning
If you inhale CO, it attaches to the Fe+
CO has a stronger affinity to the Fe+ than O2
Fe always “picks” CO over O2 and holds onto it (it doesn’t unload it in the tissue)
Eventually starves tissue of O2

18. CO Poisoning CO is colorless and odorless—undetectable
Only treatment for CO poisoning is O2 therapy with high percentage of O2
Taking a person outside will not help him/her

21. Anoxia What happens in an anoxic situation? Hypertrophy: cell swells
Caused by:
Impairment of oxidation
Damaged cell membrane

22. Anoxia C6H12O6 + O2 → ATP + CO2 + H2O
Without enough O2, glucose accumulates in the cell
Water diffuses in
Cell swells
Membrane is damaged

23. Cell Hypertrophy ©http://online-media. uni-marburg

25. If anoxia occurs in the brain, person has about 4
If anoxia occurs in the brain, person has about 4.5 minutes before cells begin to die
Stroke
Swelling causes everything to shut down