1. The forces at work on proteins/ glutamic acid and valine
By Christian Noelker

2. Van Der Waals forces
All atoms attract b/c of protons and electrons

3. Electrostatic charge Positive ions attract negative Asp→→arg
very stong ↑

4. S-S bonds
Two cysteine amino acids will form a very strong bond

5. Hydrogen bonds
Water molecules are like tiny magnets and stick (POLAR stick to POLAR)

6. Hydrophobic Literally means water fearing or hating
Hydrophobic aminio acids
Phenylalanine (phe), proline (pro), alanine (ala), valine (val), isoleucine (ile), leucine (leu), glycine (gly), tryptophan (trp)
No attraction to polar stuff so non-polar

7. Hydrophilic Literally mean water loving
Is polar attracts to polar stuff
Positive acids- Arg, Lys
Negative acids- Asp, Glu
Partially positive/negative- Tyr, Met,Asn, Thr, Gln, Ser, His.

8. Glutamic acid
It is normal and hydrophilic, it has a negative charged and doesn’t cause stickiness
Hemoglobin proteins stick together because the valines stickiness (cause hydrophobic)makes them stick to the sickle shape.

9. Valine
Is abnormal and hydrophobic, it has no charge and does cause stickiness.
Hemoglobin proteins stick together because the valines stickiness (cause hydrophobic)makes them stick to the sickle shape.