1. The Nervous System

2. Functions of the Nervous System
1. Communication and coordination
Adapt and respond to changes from both inside and outside the body
2. Site of reasoning- your brain
3. Two main divisions
Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system- the nerves

3. Neuron- basic structural unit of the nervous system
Dendrites- carry impulses towards the cell
Axon-carry impulses away from the cell
Myelin sheath
Synaptic terminal
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine

4. Nerves are made of many nerve cells
Afferent-sensory nerves carry message to brain
Efferent-motor neurons carry message from brain to muscle
Associate- do both
Heads up

6. Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord

7. Cerebrum-largest part of brain
Cerebrum-largest part of brain. Responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, speech, sensation, etc.
Divided into two halves.
Further divided into lobes; occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal

8. Cerebellum-responsible for muscle coordination
Brain stem- most basic functions; respiration, swallowing, blood pressure. Lower part (medulla oblongata) is continuous with spinal cord

9. Spinal cord- begins at foramen magnum and ends at second lumbar vertebrae
Contains both afferent (to the brain) and efferent (motor neurons- away from the brain)

10. Both the brain and spinal cord are covered by a membrane system called the meninges
In addition, the brain has four hollow areas called ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles and baths the brain and spinal column

11. Peripheral nervous system
Somatic system
12 pairs cranial nerves
31 pairs spinal nerves
Autonomic
Sympathetic
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic

12. Disorders of the nervous system
Meningitis- inflammation of the linings of the brain and spinal cord
Encephalitis- inflammation of the brain
Epilepsy-seizure disorder. Excessive discharge from neurons. 1 in 200 suffer. Grand mal or petit mal seizures
Cerebral palsy- disturbance in voluntary muscular action
Parkinson’s –decreased neurotransmitter
MS multiple sclerosis- autoimmune