1. What is matter?
Chemistry is the study of matter and how matter interacts with each other
Matter is made up of small particles called atoms
An atom is the smallest part of matter/an element that can be recognized as that element
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2. Chemical and Physical Properties of Matter
Chemical properties are properties that describe how matter interacts with each other
Physical properties describes the material which composes the matter

3. Physical Properties
Density- how much matter is packed into a given volume
Malleability- the ability to be pound into a sheet
Ductility- the ability to be drawn into a wire
Conductivity- the ability to conduct an electrical charge
Shape, size, color

4. Physical Changes
A Physical change does not change the identity of the matter
Examples include:
Change of state of matter (melting, freezing, vaporization)
Cutting a block of wood
Adding dye to water

5. Chemical Properties
Reactivity
Combustibility pH
Electromotive force

6. Chemical Changes A chemical change forms a completely new product
The identity of the matter completely changes
Examples
Rusting
Burning
Salt formation from the neutralization of and acid and or base

7. Pure Substances Pure substance
cannot be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means
is homogeneous, i.e., has uniform composition throughout the whole sample
its properties are constant throughout the whole sample
its properties do not depend on how it is prepared or purified
has constant chemical composition

8. Mixtures
A mixture:
can be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means
displays the properties of the pure substances making it up
its composition can be varied by changing the proportion of pure substances making it up
heterogeneous substances, ones with non-uniform composition throughout the sample, are always mixtures

9. Elements Classifying Elements
Chemical symbols- are abbreviations for the names of the elements
The first letter of a chemical symbol is always a capital letter
The second (and third) letter (s) are always lower case
A capital letter always indicates a new element
CO= Carbon and Oxygen – Carbon monoxide, a gas
Co= Cobalt, a metal

10. Compounds
When atoms join together with other atoms to form units they are called molecules
The process of combining different types of atoms is called a chemical change or chemical reaction
Compounds- are the products of chemical changes
A combination of 2 or more different atoms types of elements

11. Common Compounds
H2O- water
NaCl- sodium chloride- table salt

12. The Atom

13. Atoms Atoms are made of three particles
Nucleus- condensed center of an atom
1. Protons- positively charged particles inside the nucleus of an atom
2. Neutrons- neutral/no charge particles inside the nucleus of an atom
Shells- space surrounding the nucleus of an atom
3. Electron- negatively charged particles travelling around the nucleus of an atom

14. Atomic Number
The atomic number is the number that represents the element- it is the number of protons in a given atom/element

15. What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work and these atoms are working all the time.

16. Energy Forms Energy comes in many different forms
Potential energy- energy due to position
Kinetic energy energy in motion
Electrical energy forces that move electrically charged particles
Chemical energy energy responsible for making and breaking chemical bonds
Nuclear energy cause by the removal or addition of particles in the nucleus of an atom

17. Conservation of Matter and Energy
Now it is important to note that matter and energy cannot be created nor destroyed only transferred from one form to another
The Law of Conservation of Energy
The 1st law of thermodynamics

18. Law of Entropy
Now all of this matter and it energy is constantly changing forms and is constantly moving towards a state of disorder or randomness- entropy

19. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
This law states that all natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimal useable energy
Entropy or disorder is always increasing

20. 5 States of Matter
Solid- particles are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
particles vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place.
Liquid- particles are close together with no regular arrangement.
Particles vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.
Gas- particles are well separated with no regular arrangement.
Particles vibrate and move freely at high speeds.

21. States of Matter
Plasma- this is an ionized gas. It is gas that has so hot that it acts as a liquid
The particles are packaged similarly to a liquid
Bose Einstein?
It is a super fluid with some odd characteristics
It is super cold, it exists at absolute 0