1. Abbreviations

2. T., Tbsp., or tbsp = tablespoon
t., or tsp. = teaspoon
Min. = minute
Oz. = ounce
Qt. = quart
Pt. = pint
Gal. = Gallon
Hr. = hour
Doz. = dozen
C. = cup
lb. or # = pound
Pkg. = package

3. Equivalents

4. Equivalents 3 tsp = 1 Tbsp. 4 Tbsp. = ¼ c 16 Tbsp. = 1 c
1 stick/cube butter = ½ c or 8 Tbsp
2 c = 1 pt
2 pt = 1 qt
4 qt = 1 gal.
16 c = 1 gal.
8 fl. oz. = 1 c
16 oz. = 1 lb.

5. Mrs. T. and Her Babies
Helpful Hints:
T. = Tablespoon
t. = teaspoon
Mrs. T. has 3 baby t.’s
There are 3 little t.’s with 1 big T.
Equivalents To Remember:
1 Tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
1/2 Tablespoon = 1 ½ teaspoons

6. Helpful Hints:
Young T. just got his drivers license-He is 16 (16 Tablespoons)
He now gets to drive the “Cup Car” (1 Cup)
Cousin Oz. is half as old as Young T.-He is only 8 (8 Ounces)
It takes 8 ounces to fill up the “Cup Car” (8 oz. = 1 c.)
Equivalents To Remember:
8 Ounces = 1 Cup
1 Cup = 16 Tablespoons
3/4 Cup = 12 Tablespoons
1/2 Cup = 8 Tablespoons
1/4 Cup = 4 Tablespoons
1/8 Cup = 2 Tablespoons
Young T. and Cousin Oz.
Young T.
Cousin Oz.
Cup Car

7. GAL the Butterfly Helpful Hints: GAL stands for Gallon
GAL’s wings are so QT! (Quart)
4 Wings = 4 Quarts
Small Circles Represent 1 C.
Equivalents To Remember:
4 Cups = 1 Quart
4 Quarts = 1 Gallon
16 Cups = 1 Gallon

8. The Cup Kids
Helpful Hints:
Each Kid represents 1 cup
Equivalents To Remember:
2 Cups = 1 Pint
2 Pints = 1 Quart
4 Cups = 1 Quart

9. G P
C C
Q Q
TTTT
TTTT P P P P

11. Measuring
Effective Techniques and Tools

12. Why do we need to know equivalents?
To use the most effective tools for measuring.
For example:
Use ¼ c rather than 4 T
Use measuring spoons for ingredients less than ¼ c

13. Doubling and Halving Stays the same Changes Cooking temperature
Ingredients used
Directions
Changes
Length of cooking time
Amount of ingredients
Size of pan
Why would you double or halve a recipe?

14. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
¼ c butter, softened
Butter/Margarine (Plastic Fats)
1 cube/stick of butter is equal to ½ cup.
Cut on the desired line on the wrapper.

15. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookiesor
Double this ingredient:
½ c shortening
Plastic Fats (Solid Fats)
-Use a dry measuring cup
-Pack it in
-Level it off, scrape container
DISPLACEMENT
-Use a liquid measuring cup
-Fill ½ with water
-Then spoon in desired amount

16. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
1 ¼ c brown sugar
Brown Sugar
Pack it in
Level it off

17. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
1 Egg
Eggs
Crack over a separate bowl or container
How do you divide an egg in half?
Crack in a separate bowl and measure out 2 T.
Why 2 T? Because one large egg equals ¼ c. and there are 4 T in a ¼ cup. So, half of 4 T is 2 T.

18. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
2 T Milk
Liquids (milk/water/oil)
Fill to amount desired
Place on flat/level surface
Check at eye level

19. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
1 t Vanilla
Liquids (small amounts)
Use measuring spoons
Do not measure over the mixing bowl

20. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
¼ t Baking Soda
Dry Ingredients (small amounts)
Use measuring spoons
Do not measure over the mixing bowl
Scoop and level the spoon

21. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
¼ t Salt
Sugar/Salt
Scoop
Level the measuring spoon/cup

22. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
1/8 t Cinnamon
Dry Ingredients (small amounts)
What do we do?
Use measuring spoons
Do not measure over the mixing bowl
Scoop and level the spoon

23. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
¾ c Flour
Flour/Powdered Sugar
Sift (if recipe calls for it)
Spoon in
Level off

24. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
1 ½ c Rolled Oats (uncooked)
Dry Ingredients (Large Amounts)
Scoop in
Level off

25. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
Double this ingredient:
½ c Chocolate Chips
Dry Ingredients (Large Amounts)
What do we do?
Spoon in
Level off

26. Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies
1. Preheat the oven to 375°.
2. With an electric mixer, mix the butter and shortening together until well combined.
3. Add brown sugar and cream the mixture together.
4. Add the egg, milk and vanilla and mix until combined.
5. Add the baking soda, salt, cinnamon and flour and mix until combined.
6. Slowly add the rolled oats, about 1/2 c. at a time, until all of the oats are added. Be careful not to burn out your mixer. As the dough becomes more stiff, turn up the speed of the mixture.
7. Remove the electric mixer and stir in the chocolate chips with a mixing spoon.
8. Using a cookie scoop or clean hands, roll dough into golf-ball sized cookies.
9. Place the cookies on a greased cookie sheet and press them down slightly.
10. Bake at 375° for minutes. Eat and enjoy!

27. Recipe Basics
Recipe Adjustments

28. List the FOUR parts of a recipe:
Reading a Recipe
List the FOUR parts of a recipe:
List and amounts of ingredients
Step-by-step instructions
Essential info about temperature and equipment
Number of servings

29. Essential Steps #1- Read before beginning
#2- Check to see if you have all ingredients
#3- Pre-heat oven if needed
#4- “Gather” all equipment needed
#5- Complete prep of ingredients
#6- Measure accurately
#7- Mix carefully, following the directions
#8- Bake or cook at temperature & time as directed
YIELD: Number of servings
“To be the chef you’ve always wanted to be just
READ THE RECIPE!”