1. Actinopterygian Relationships III Biology of Fishes 10.4.2012

2. Overview Review (Actinopterygian Relationships II)
Actinopterygian Relationships III : Acanthopterygii
Exam I Review

3. Actinopterygian Relationships III
Holostei (gars, bowfins)
Teleostei (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, relatives)
- Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues)
-Clupeomorpha (herrings, shad, relatives)
-Ostariophysi (minnows, catfishes, characins, relatives)
-Protacanthopterygii
Acanthomorpha
-Paracanthopterygii
-Acanthopterygii
Teleostei
Neoteleostei
Euteleostei

4. Actinopterygian Relationships

5. Actinopterygian Relationships
Neoteleostei
Acanthomorpha (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes)
- Acanthopterygii
Acanthomorpha

6. Actinopterygian Relationships
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

7. Acanthopterygii

8. Actinopterygian Relationships
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
Most diverse group of bony fishes; ~15,000 species
Two major synapomorphies
Ascending process – dorsal extension of premaxilla
Most highly developed pharyngeal dentition and function based on new muscle and bone attachments
Ctenoid scales
Physoclistous gas bladder
2 dorsal fins (1 spiny-rayed, 1 soft-rayed)
Pelvic and anal fin spines
Pelvic fins forward, pectoral fins laterally positioned

9. Acanthopterygii

10. Actinopterygian Relationships
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
Most advanced fishes, dominate shallow productive habitats of marine and many freshwater environments
Controversial phylogeny (follow Nelson 2006)

11. Actinopterygian Relationships
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers, and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

12. Mugilomorpha

13. Actinopterygian Relationships
Mugilomorpha (mullets)
Nearshore, catadromous; ~80 species
“primitive” acanthopterygians (cycloid or intermediate cycloid-ctenoid scales); no pelvic girdle attachment
Detritivores, feed on organic silt
Important food fish

14. Actinopterygian Relationships
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

15. Atherinomorpha

16. Actinopterygian Relationships
Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and relatives)
Surface-dwellers, marine and freshwater, ~1500 species
Unique protruding upper jaw, superior mouths
Internal fertilization and live-bearing in many species
Some unisexual (all female) species

17. Atherinomorpha

18. Actinopterygian Relationships
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

19. Actinopterygian Relationships

20. Actinopterygian Relationships
Percomorpha (“perch-shaped” fishes)
Most advanced clade of fishes
~13,000 species; primarily marine, many successful freshwater
Primary synapomorphy is anteriorly placed pelvic girdle attached to pectoral girdle directly or via ligament
Pelvic fin with anterior spine and 5 soft rays (typically)

21. Percomorpha (basal groups)
Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes)
Beryciformes (squirrelfishes)
Zeiformes (dories)
Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seahorses)
Synbranchiformes (swamp eels)
Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives)

22. Percomorpha (advanced groups)
Perciformes (perch-like fishes)
Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes)
Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives)

23. Percomorpha

24. Percomorpha (basal groups)
whalefishes
dories
squirrelfishes
swamp eels
seahorses, sticklebacks
scorpionfishes, sculpins

25. Percomorpha (advanced groups)
Perciformes
Pleuronectiformes
Tetraodontiformes

26. Exam I Review Exam Format (multiple choice, short answer, short essay)
Phylogenetic Relationships
Terms (monophyletic, synapomorphy, catadromous)
Examples of major concepts, relationships & groups
“salmon are anadromous…”
“two major factors that have contributed to the success of teleosts”
“mobile maxilla is important because…”
Journal Articles

27. Exam I Review Phylogeny Group Project topics due Thursday 10.11.2012
Complete Craniate Phylogeny
Know common and scientific names*
Start at Hagfishes (Myxiniformes*)
End at Percomorpha* (Perch-shaped fishes)
Know some examples of component groups
Group Project topics due Thursday

28. Complete Phylogeny CRANIATES Chondrichthyes Sarcopterygii Vertebrates
Osteichthyes
Actinopterygii

29. Complete Phylogeny Hagfishes Vertebrates Lampreys
Gnathostomes (possess jaws)
- Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)
- Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

30. Complete Phylogeny Sarcopterygii (lobe fins) Actinopterygii (ray fins)
- Cladistia (bichirs, reedfish)
- Chondrostei (sturgeons, paddlefishes)
-Holostei (gars, bowfins)
-Teleostei (teleosts, “modern fishes”)

31. Complete Phylogeny Holostei (gars, bowfins)
Teleostei (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, relatives)
- Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues)
-Clupeomorpha (herrings, shad, relatives)
-Ostariophysi (minnows, catfishes, characins, relatives)
-Protacanthopterygii
Acanthomorpha
-Paracanthopterygii
-Acanthopterygii
Teleostei
Neoteleostei
Euteleostei

32. Complete Phylogeny
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)