1. Transcription
Unit 4 Part I

2. DNARNA Proteins Traits
Central Dogma
DNARNA Proteins Traits
This is the central dogma (theme) of molecular genetics.
These are the steps needed to get from a DNA double helix to the traits you posses.

3. Central Dogma How do you get from DNA to RNA to Proteins to Traits?
Amino Acids
DNA  RNA  PROTEINS  TRAITS
TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION control

4. Review DNA – only found in the nucleus
Ribosomes (protein factories) – in the cytoplasm
Hoes does DNA get information needed to make proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome?
DNA makes mRNA which leaves through the nucleuar pores in the nucleus. Ribosomes then read the mRNA to make proteins.

5. DNA vs. RNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Deoxyribose sugar Double stranded
N bases = A,T,C,G
Found in the nucleus
1 type
Contains a phosphate, sugar, N base.
Ribonucleic Acid
Ribose sugar
Single stranded
N bases = A,U,C,G
Uracil replaces Thymine
Found in the nucleus and cytoplasm
3 types
Contains a phosphate, sugar, N base.

6. DNA vs. RNA
DNA
RNA

7. Types of RNA Messenger RNA mRNA
Carries info from DNA and delivers it to ribosome.
Ribosomal RNA
rRNA
Structural component of ribosomes
Transfer RNA
tRNA
Translates mRNA sequences into amino acid sequences

8. Transcription Steps:
1. RNA Polymerase – binds to DNA and signals to start making RNA, then unwinds/splits DNA into 2 separate strands.
2. One strand – of DNA acts as a template for making mRNA.
3. RNA Polymerase – moves along the DNA and pairs each base with a complementary RNA nucleotide
4. Continues – until enzyme reaches a terminator (stop signal).
5. RNA Polymerase – detaches from DNA and releases mRNA from the nucleus.

9. DNA - RNA ATC CAG TCA GAT CTA CCG
What would the mRNA strand be if the DNA template is:
(remember that A now pairs with U and C still pairs with G)
ATC CAG TCA GAT CTA CCG