1. Warm Up 1 DNA is made up of Amino acids c. nucleotides
Lipids d. carbohydrates
2. Genes are located in
Chromosomes c. genetic material
DNA d. all the above
3. During this process, genes are segregated & gametes are produced.
Mitosis c. fertilization
Meiosis d. reproduction

2. 4. Guess about how many % of your DNA is exactly the same as the person next to you. How many % between you and cabbage?

3. 12.1 Scientists

4. Review Gregor Mendel 1800’s
Genes control the structure/function of an organism

5. Objective Scientists wanted to know…
How did scientists discover the relationship between genes & DNA?
Scientists wanted to know…
What is the structure of genes?

6. How did bacteria make people sick?
Griffith 1928

8. one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
Transformation

9. Griffith
Some factor was transferred from the heat-killed cells into the live cells.
That factor, he hypothesized might contain info that could change harmless bacteria into disease-causing one.
Maybe it’s a gene…

10. What is transformation?

11. What caused transformation?
Avery 1944

12. enzymes that killed proteins, lipids, carbohydrates= YES transformation
enzymes that killed DNA= NO transformation
DNA is the nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation to the next

13. Avery discovered that _________ causes transformation

14. Hershey & Chase 1952 Bacteriophage- virus that
infects and kills bacteria
Sulfur= protein
Phosphorous= DNA

15. Hershey-Chase

16. Bacteriophage with radioactive
DNA infects bacteria= YES radioactivity in bacteria
PROTEIN= NO radioactivity in bacteria
Genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA

17. Hershey-Chase discovered that genetic material was in _________.