1. BLOOD

2. 4 PARTS OF BLOOD Red blood cells (44 %) White blood cells
(less than 1%)
Platelets (less than 1%)
Plasma (55%)

3. RED BLOOD CELLS ERYTHROCYTES Transport oxygen Hemoglobin: red
Lack a nucleus
4.2 –6.2 million RBC in humans
B12, folic acid, iron: imp’t for RBC production
Anemia: too few RBC: makes us feel weak & tired

4. White Blood Cells LEUKOCYTES
Protect against infection; eat/digest foreign cells (phagocytosis)
2 X larger than RBC
,000 WBC in humans
High WBC: infection
Low WBC: typhoid/flu/AIDS/mumps/leukemia

5. Platelets THROMBOCYTES Form blood clots ½ as big as RBC
130, ,000 cells per mm3 in humans

6. Blood Plasma “clear” part of blood 92% water
Primarily made of proteins: Albumen, Globulin, Fibrinogen
Also contain amino acids, sugars, lipids, nucleotides
And electrolytes: Na+, Ca+, K+, Cl+, Mg+, HCO3+, SO4+, PO4+

7. Notice all the components in the blood:
Common blood gases: O2 and CO2
VLDL: very low density lipoprotein: high conc. Of triglycerides
LDL: low density lipoprotein/mostly cholesterol
HDL: high density lipoprotein/mostly protein

8. Hemostasis Stoppage of bleeding 1. Blood vessel spasm
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Blood coagulation
(formation of blood clot)

9. Define the following Terms
ABO BLOOD GROUP
ANTIGEN
ANTIBODY
AGGLUTINATION
Describe the following:
Rh factor
Signs & Symptoms of incompatible blood mixing (HINT: answer in a blue box)
Difference between AGGLUTINATION & COAGULATION

10. Blood Types

11. VOCAB TO KNOW ANTIGEN: protein on surface of RBC
AGGLUTINATION: clumping of RBC (occurs during blood transfusions; reaction b/w antigen & antibody)
ANTIBODY: react to foreign antigens
ANTI-SERUM: A serum containing antibodies that are specific for one or more antigens. (ANTI-A: contain antibody A; ANTI-B: contain antibody B

12. ABO Blood System

13. Blood Donors & Transfusions

14. THE Rh FACTOR A protein (antigen) in blood
First discovered in Rhesus monkeys
Has no advantage or disadvantage to have it or not…
Only important during blood transfusion/organ transplant!

15. CONCERNS DURING PREGNANCY?
No concern with 1st pregnancy b/c antigens are too big to cross placenta
HOWEVER…if mother is Rh- and 2nd child is Rh+…blood could mix & mother could have antibodies against Rh protein from 1st pregnancy