1. Overview of Major Kinds of Educational Research
Qualitative
Quantitative
Ethnographic
Historical
Correlational
Descriptive
Group
Comparison
Survey
Observational
Experimental
Ex Post Facto
Quasi-Experimental

2. Characteristics of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Quantitative research--Findings expressed in numerical form, analyzed by various statistical techniques, e.g. average test scores achieved by two or more groups of people.
Qualitative--Studies relying on observations and findings expressed and described verbally, e.g., historical studies, case studies, ethnography.

3. Empirical Research
Constructing a potential solution to the problem through the collection of data to observe and measure some form of human behavior.
Empirical research systematically examines one or more variables.

4. Variables as a set of values
Institution
Hospital
School
Private School
Public School
Nonsectarian School
Parochial School

5. 3 Basic Ways of Examining Variables
To describe how the values associated with one or more variables are distributed among one or more groups of people--DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
To determine the nature of the relationship between two or more variables among a single group of people--CORRELATIONAL STUDIES

6. To examine the extent to which two or more groups of people exhibit different values with respect to a single variable--GROUP COMPARISON STUDIES

7. Populations and Samples
Populations are groups consisting all the people that researchers wish to apply their findings.
Samples are group of people representing subsets of populations.

8. Descriptive Studies