1. MUSICAL ELEMENTS
RHYTHM & MELODY

2. TREBLE CLEF

3. BASS CLEF

4. RHYTHM VALUES Whole 4 beats Half 2 beats Quarter 1 beat Eighth ½ beat
Sixteenth
¼ beat

5. RHYTHM VALUES Whole 4 beats 8 Half 2 4 1 Eighth 1/2 Six- teenth 1/4
Quarter 1
Eighth
1/2
Six-
teenth
1/4

6. Transpose To move a melody higher or lower
If the melody moves by an octave then all letter names stay the same.
OCTAVE – 8 letters higher or lower ex.- A- A
Bb – Bb
G#- G#

7. RHYTHM VALUES
A DOT after a note or rest extends its value by half.

8. RHYTHM VALUES
A TIE is a curved line that joins 2 or more notes on the same line or space. The note is played once and is held for the combined value of all.

9. RHYTHM VALUES
A SLUR is a curved line joining 2 or more notes on different lines or spaces. This indicates that the notes are to be played smoothly.

10. ACCIDENTALS
SHARP (#) raises a note slightly to the right, usually played as a black note
FLAT (b) lowers a note slightly to the left, usually played as a black note
Natural ( )erases the effect of the sharp or flat
All accidentals are placed before the note on the same line or space.

11. Draw the symbol directly before the note to which it applies.

12. TRANSPOSITION - rewrite a melody so that it sounds higher or lower
- the direction or shape of the melody always remains the same
- transposing by an octave is the easiest as the letter names remain the same
OCTAVE – a distance of 8 letter names - the same note name higher/lower

13. TRANSPOSING BY OCTAVES

14. Naming Ledger Lines
To identify notes above the staff (treble or bass) continue in alphabetical order, including lines and spaces

15. Naming Ledger Lines
To identify notes below the staff, count backwards in the alphabet, including lines and spaces

16. Ledger Line Notes