1. The World at War… Again

2. Review of Totalitarianism
COMMUNISM
FASCISM
Revolution by workers
No private property
Collectivization
State-run economy
The State above the individual
Single party rule
Charismatic leader
Propaganda & indoctrination
Rule by terror
Extreme nationalism and racism
Private property w/ strong gov’t controls
Militaristic expansionism
Anticommunist

3. The more extreme… The more it looks the sameC F
TOTALITARIANISM

4. Aggression and Appeasement
Nazi Germany begins to build “Third Reich” in defiance of Versailles Treaty
1935 – Creates a new Air force
1935 – Draft increases army to 550,000
1936 – Occupies Rhineland in West
1938 – Annexes Austria
1938 – Annexes Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
British response: Appeasement
Give in to demands to avoid war
So why is this a problem??

5. The Munich Agreement: Two Takes
Chamberlain: “My friends, there has come back from Germany peace with honor. I believe it is peace in our time”
Churchill: ‘We have passed an awful milestone in our history…this is only the first sip…of a bitter cup that will be proffered to us year by year unless, by a supreme recovery of moral health and martial vigor, we rise again and take our stand for freedom as in the olden time”

6. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
August, 1939 – bitter enemies agree to not attack each other (will split Poland)
September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland
Blitzkrieg (lightning war) – surprise and overwhelm opponent w/ coordinated air power, tanks, and infantry

8. Europe at War

9. FDR Prepares for War
Calls for U.S. to be “The great arsenal of democracy”
1939: “cash and carry” – Allies can buy arms so long as they pay cash and transport on their own ships
1941: Lend-Lease Act – Lend or lease arms or other supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States” (garden hose)

11. The Atlantic Charter
Joint declaration between FDR and Churchill on goals of war against Germany
Collective security
Disarmament
Self-determination
Economic cooperation
Freedom of the seas
Later becomes the basis for the United Nations

12. Empire of Japan 1942

13. U.S. Response to Japan
In response to Japanese invasion of French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), U.S. enacts trade embargo
Japan cut off from steel, rubber, oil
U.S. Military had broken Japan’s secret communication code and learns a strike in the Pacific is imminent

14. Japanese Response to U.S.: Pearl Harbor

17. American Public Opinion: 1940

18. American Public Opinion: 1942

19. Declaration of War
“Yesterday, December 7, a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”
12/8/41 Address to Congress

20. Great Britain Soviet Union United States
Major Combatants 1942
AXIS POWERS
ALLIES
Germany
Italy
Japan
Great Britain Soviet Union United States