1. Energy (TKK-2129) Instructor: Rama Oktavian; Dr. Rizka Zulhijah
16/17 Semester genap
Energy (TKK-2129)
Instructor: Rama Oktavian; Dr. Rizka Zulhijah
Office Hr.: M. 10 – 12, T. 10 – 12, W. 09 – 10, F.10 – 15

2. Outlines 1. Energy literacy and concept 2. Energy source
3. Energy and society
4. Energy conversion and efficiency

3. Energy literacy and concept
What is energy
Ability to do work
Energy comes in different forms
Radiation
Mechanical energy
Chemical energy
Atomic energy
Electromagnetic energy
Electrical energy
Heat energy

4. Energy literacy and concept
Energy vocabulary and information literacy
Energy has its own vocabulary.
“Energy” and “Power” are often used interchangeably, but they
mean slightly different things.
What’s the difference between “Energy” and “Power”?
Energy: quantity
Ability to do work
Power: rate
Work over time

5. Energy literacy and concept
Energy units
Energy has many units.

6. Energy literacy and concept
Power
Power is a Rate of Energy
Power: work performed over a period of time
‣Or energy produced over a period of time
‣Or energy consumed over a period of time
‣It’s a “rate” not a quantity

7. Energy literacy and concept
Power
Power is a Rate of Energy
Units:
‣Watt (W, kW, MW, GW,…)
‣Horsepower
•Power density: W/m2
‣Heat flux density, irradiance,…

8. Energy literacy and concept
Energy = Power × Time
•A light bulb consumes energy at a rate of 100 W
•Its instantaneous power consumption is 100 W
•After 1 hour, it has consumed 100 Wh or 0.1 kWh
•After 10 hours, it has consumed 1 kWh

9. Energy literacy and concept
Energy = Power × Time
•Example: A nuclear plant has a power capacity of 1 GW
‣After 1 hour, generates 1 GWh of electricity
‣After 1 year, generates 8,760 GWh of electricity
‣NOTE: 8,760 hours per year
•Converting from GWh to kWh
‣1 GWh = 1 million kWh
‣Total U.S. electricity in 2011: 4,000 billion kWh

10. Energy literacy and concept
Energy can be potential or kinetic
Potential energy
Stored energy, able to do work if released. Examples include:
Objects placed at an elevation
Water behind dam
Release energy if they fall
Objects placed at mechanical tension
Wound up spring
Release energy if tension is relieved
Chemical bond energy
Organic molecules
Energy released if combusted
Potential energy due to elevation
PEG = weight x height = Kg x Agrav x h

11. Energy literacy and concept
Energy can be potential or kinetic
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion Examples include:
Moving water
Can be expressed mathematically as
1/2 Kg x v2

12. Energy situation
Energy notation

13. Energy situation •MW = megaWatts = 1 million watts
Energy notation
•MW = megaWatts = 1 million watts
•MMBTU = million BTU = thousand, thousand BTU
•MMBD = million barrels per day = thousand, thousand barrels per day
‣also sometimes noted “mbd”
‣BOE = “barrel of energy” or “barrel of oil equivalent”
‣MMBDOE = million barrels per day of oil equivalent (an amount of energy)

14. Energy situation •The energy content of 1,000 SCF of
Energy notation for natural gas
•The energy content of 1,000 SCF of
natural gas is approximately 1 million BTU
‣SCF = standard cubic foot
‣MCF = thousand cubic feet (also “mcf” or “Mcf” or “mil”)
‣1,028 BTU per cubic foot
‣1,000 SCF = 1 MCF = MMBTU
•Price is often given in MCF or MMBTU

15. Energy situation •A ton is about a tonne •English system:
Energy conversion: Tons
•A ton is about a tonne
•English system:
‣Ton = dry ton = short ton = 2000 lbs
•Metric/SI system:
‣Tonne = metric ton = metric tonne = MT = 1,000 kg
•1 kg = 2.2 lbs
•1 metric ton = 1000 kg = 2200 lbs = 1.1 tons
•1 metric ton = 1 tonne = 1.1 tons
‣Only wrong by 10%

16. Energy situation Primary energy demand, 2035 (Mtoe)
Ganti slide
World Energy Outlook, EIA 2013

17. Energy situation Primary energy demand, 2035 (Mtoe)
Ganti slide
World Energy Outlook, EIA 2013

18. Energy situation ASEAN energy consumption
Ganti slide
Southeast Asia Energy Outlook, 2013

19. Energy situation Energy use in Indonesia Ganti terbaru
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2014
Ganti terbaru

20. Energy situation Energy use in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2014
Energy consumption in industry sector
Ganti terbaru

21. Energy situation Energy use in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2014
Energy consumption in industry sector
Ganti terbaru

22. Energy situation Energy use in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2014
Energy consumption in transportation sector

23. Energy situation Energy use in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2014
Energy consumption in transportation sector

24. Energy situation Energy use in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2014
Energy consumption in commercial sector

25. Energy situation Energy supply in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2014

26. Energy situation Energy supply in Indonesia
ESDM, Handbook of energy and economy 2015

27. Energy source
Primary and secondary energy

28. Energy source Non-renewable energy sources ž Hydrocarbon Supplies:
—  Coal
—  Oil
—  Natural Gas
Renewable energy sources
ž  Renewable Sources
—  Biomass (Wood, Corn Ethanol, etc.)
—  Hydro (Dams)
—  Wind
—  Geothermal
—  Solar

29. Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
ž  Oil and natural gas

30. Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
ž  Oil

31. Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
ž  Oil

32. Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
ž  Natural gas

33. Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
ž  Natural gas

34. Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Coal

35. Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia

36. Energy source Energy sources in Indonesia
Renewable energy sources in Indonesia

37. Energy source Energy sources in Indonesia
Renewable energy sources in Indonesia-Geothermal

38. Energy source Energy sources in Indonesia
Renewable energy sources in Indonesia-Geothermal

39. Energy and society
Energy flow in society

40. Energy and society
Energy flow in society

41. Energy conversion and efficiency
First law of thermodynamics
•Energy is conserved: the best you can do is break even
‣Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
‣The total energy of an isolated system remains the same.
•Energy exists in many forms
•Energy forms can be converted from one to another

42. Energy conversion and efficiency
“Conversion” and “conservation” two important concepts
Both have two meanings
Conversion
Translating between different units of measure
Joule <-> Calorie <-> BTU
Changing from one form to another
Chemical energy -> Thermal energy
Conservation
First law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted
Reduce wasteful energy consumption
Switch from incandescent to light-emitting diode (LED)

43. Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy exists in many forms
•Mechanical (m)
‣Gravitational potential
‣Kinetic
•Thermal (t)
•Electrical (e)
•Radiant (r)
•Chemical (c)
•Atomic (a)

44. Energy conversion and efficiency
Example

45. Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy efficiency
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy
No system gives you as much back as you put in
‣Losses ALWAYS occur

46. Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy efficiency
•Efficiency for a process is always <1
•For a system, the overall efficiency is the product of the individual efficiencies within the system
‣NOT the sum of efficiencies
‣NOT the average of efficiencies
•Minimizing the number of steps is beneficial

47. Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy efficiency
energy (work) output
total energy input
X 100
Efficiency =
Efficiencies can vary from 5% - 95%
In multistep processes, efficiency is the product of efficiency of each step.
Comparative assessments of energy processes / devices typically take great pains to accurately measure efficiency

48. Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy efficiency

49. Thank You !