1. Introduction: Introduction and Overview
Chapter 1
Introduction: Introduction and Overview
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2. Definition of Leadership
“Always, it seems, the concept of leadership eludes us or turns up in another form to taunt us again with its slipperiness and complexity. So we have invented an endless proliferation of terms to deal with it…and still the concept is not sufficiently defined.”
Bennis (1959)
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations

3. Controversies Over Leadership Definitions
Specialized role or shared influence process
Type of influence process
Purpose of influence attempts
Influence based on reason or emotions
Direct versus indirect leadership
Leadership versus management
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations

4. Leadership: A Working Definition
“Leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives.”
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations

5. Controversies about Differences Between Leadership and Management
Leaders and managers as qualitatively different and mutually exclusive types of people
Leading and managing as different roles or processes
Leading as an influence relationship and managing as an authority relationship
Integrative approach
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations

6. Specialized Role or shared influence process
Type of influence attempt:
Using authority power to make followers to perform well or using a different methods depends on situation
Purpose of influence attempt:
Doing ethical and beneficial for the organization and themselves or to gain personal benefits at the followers expense
Influence based on reason or emotion
Reason issues mean rational cognitive process ,opposite emotional focused in inspire followers to sacrifice
Direct & indirect leadership:
Indirectly through delegate authorities
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7. Difficulties With Assessing Leadership Effectiveness
Many different indicators of teaching effectiveness
Performance measurement( cost, profit &revenue)
Attitudes and behavior of leaders (questionnaire)
Group contribution
Personal successful career how he promoted
Immediate and delayed outcomes:
Some outcomes more immediate than others ,immediate result of an influence attempt wither followers are willing to do what ledger asks but a delayed effect is how followers
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations

8. Ways to Classify Leadership Theory and Research
Type of variable emphasized:
Characteristics of the Leader (Traits, values, skills, confidence)
Characteristics of the Follower(Traits, values, skills, confidence &satisfaction)
Characteristics of the Situation Type of organization units, size position powers & authorities
Leadership theories:
1. Traits
Behavior
Power
Situational
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations

9. Level of Conceptualization
Intra-individual process(traits, motivation, cognition used for describing and comparing leaders
Dyadic process ( how leader influence, facilitate, intercept develop employees)
Group process(how leadership shared, organize ,relation )
Organizational process( How top executive influence member on different level, how leaders selected , how leaders influence the culture )
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations

10. Other Bases for Comparing Leadership Theories
Leader-centered versus follower-centered
Universal describe some aspects of leadership that apply to all situations either descriptive or perspective versus contingency
Descriptive ; describing typical activities of leaders and why certain behavior occur in a particular situation versus prescriptive: specify what leader must do to be effective and what behavior used
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations