1. Photosynthesis

2. Photosynthesis
Defined: Process that captures solar energy to make sugars
Endothermic reaction: Reaction that absorbs energy (sunlight)
Who: Producers/Autotrophs (Plants, algae, bacteria)
Where: Chloroplasts
Granum (pl. Grana)
Stacks of disked shaped structures called thylakoids that house chlorophyll
Stroma
Fluid that surrounds the grana.
Similar to the cell’s cytoplasm
End Result: Sugar & oxygen as waste

3. Light Absorption Sun gives off visible light
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
We see reflected light
Red objects = reflect red light
Blue objects = reflect blue light

4. Prism
White light

5. Which color(s) are being reflected
Which color(s) are being reflected? Yellow Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

6. Which color(s) are being reflected
Which color(s) are being reflected? Blue Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Indigo, Violet

7. Which color(s) are being reflected
Which color(s) are being reflected? None…Black is the absence of light Which color(s) are being absorbed? All….ROYGBIV

8. Which color(s) are being reflected
Which color(s) are being reflected? All…ROYGBIV Which color(s) are being absorbed? None

9. Which color(s) are being reflected
Which color(s) are being reflected? Green Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Indigo, Violet

10. Light Absorption With leaves, green light reflected
Green reflected
Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Violet absorbed into the leaf
With leaves, green light reflected
That’s why leaves look green
Green light not used by plants
Reds and blues most used in photosynthesis

11. Stage 1: Light Dependent (Light Reactions)
Thylakoid Membrane H2
ATP O H2
ATP O
Thylakoid Membrane
Thylakoid Membrane
ATP H2 O H2
ATP O
ATP H2 O H2 O
ATP
Where: Thylakoid membranes of chloroplast
What happens?
1) Sunlight converted into ATP energy
2) Water (H2O) broken apart
Hydrogen kept for later use; Oxygen is released as a waste
End result: ATP (transferred to the light-independent rxns), H2, Oxygen

12. Stage 1: Light Dependent (Light Reactions)
What is used during the light dependent stage?
What is created during the light dependent stage?

13. Stage 2: Light Independent (Dark Reactions)
CO2 C O O H2 H H
ATP
ATP C
CO2 O O H H H2
C6H12O6 H H H2
C6H12O6
CO2 C O O
CO2 C O O H H2 H
ATP
ATP
CO2 C O O
C6H12O6
ATP
CO2 C O O
ATP
C6H12O6 H H2 H H H2 H
Where: Stroma (fluid interior) of chloroplast
What happens?
CO2 taken in
ATP breaks apart CO2 + H2
C’s, O’s, and H’s recombine into C6H12O6 (Glucose)

14. Stage 2: Light Independent (Dark Reactions)
What is used during the light independent stage?
What is created during the light independent stage?

15. The equation for the overall process of photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6
Granum (stack of thylakoids)
Thylakoid
Sunlight
= 1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
Chloroplast 1 2 4 3
energy
Stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)

16. Connection between photosynthesis & respiration
Plant Cell
chloroplast
mitochondria
glucose
ATP
chloroplast
mitochondria
glucose
ATP
In Plants
Create glucose through photosynthesis
Glucose is used to make ATP through cellular respiration

17. Connection between photosynthesis & respiration
Animal Cell
Glucose
(from food)
mitochondria
ATP
Plant Cell
chloroplast
glucose
glucose
glucose
Glucose
Glucose
Glucose
In Animals
Plants create glucose through photosynthesis
Animals eat the plants
Glucose is used to make ATP through cellular respiration

18. REview Which color(s) is/are absorbed by a typical red apple?
Which color(s) is/are reflected by a typical red apple?
What is a producer/autotroph?
What is used during the light dependent reactions?
What created during the light dependent reactions?
What is used during the light independent reactions?
What created during the light independent reactions?
True or False: Plants are the only photosynthetic organisms.