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Classification of Organisms
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1. Why do we use a classification system?
Organize living things into groups Give organisms names Trees Maples – Fir – Pine - Acer Abies Pinus
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2. Taxonomy A discipline used by scientists to classify organisms Give organisms a universally accepted name Classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin KEY TERMS: Universally – Structure – Origin – accepted around the world how something is made or what something is made of where something came from
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3. Classify Organize organisms into groups For Example:
Animals Plants Fungi Bacteria
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4. Why use Latin and Greek names for scientific classification?
Common names vary between countries – confusing Latin and Greek languages were understood by early scientists A universally accepted scientific language Still used today
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5. What did the Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus create in the 1700’s?
Developed a two word naming system called “Binomial Nomenclature.”
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6. Binomial Nomenclature
Each organism is given a two part scientific name – Genus species Bi meaning “two” Nomen meaning “name”
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EXAMPLES: Spider plant - Chlorophytum comosum
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Pansy – Viola tricolor
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7. Genus Malus Cucurbita Prunus Generic name
A group of closely related species EXAMPLES: Apple – Squash – Plum - Malus Cucurbita Prunus
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8. Species Kind (Latin), specific name Organisms with similar characteristics Can breed Produce fertile offspring Japanese Maples – Acer palmatum
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9. Seven Classification Levels
Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Carnivora Family - Ursidae Genus - Ursus Species - arctos Grizzly Bear
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10. Taxonomic Nomenclature
Naming System
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11. Taxon Each of the levels in the classification system is called a taxon Taxa: plural Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
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12. What are the six kingdoms in the current system of classification?
Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
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Eubacteria
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Archaebacteria
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Protista Euglena
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Fungi
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Plantae
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Animalia
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13. What is a Dichotomous Key?
A tool used to identify oragnisms – plants, insects, animals, etc. A series of paired statements that describe different organisms. With each step in a dichotomous key you have two choices. Example Dichotomous Key for trees: Compound or Simple Leaf 1a) Compound Leaf (leaf divided into leaflets) 1b) Simple Leaf (leaf not divided into leaflets)
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