1. Biochemistry Basics

2. Biochemistry Basics Objectives: Be able to read a Periodic Table
Identify elements and compounds needed by living organisms
How are compounds created?
Define organic and inorganic

3. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
15 31 P
Phosphorus
Atomic mass number
(protons and neutrons)
Atomic number
(protons)
Symbol
Name
# of protons = atomic number
# of electrons = # protons (in a neutral atom)
# neutrons = atomic mass number – atomic number

4. Elements found in the Human Body:
PERCENT
Oxygen
65 %
Potassium
0.35 %
Carbon
18 %
Sulfur
0.25 %
Hydrogen
10 %
Sodium
0.15 %
Nitrogen
3 %
Magnesium
0.05 %
Calcium
1.5 %
Fluorine
trace
Phosphorus
1 %
Chlorine

5. Compounds are created through the bonding of elements:
Water - H2O H H
single bond O
Carbon dioxide - CO2 O O C
double bond

6. Skill: Reading & Writing Chemical Formulas
SUBSTANCE
CHEMICAL FORMULA
COMPONENT
TOTAL #
ATOMS
2 hydrogen
1 oxygen 3
Water
H2O
1 sodium
1 chlorine 2
Salt
NaCl
1 carbon
2 oxygen
Carbon dioxide 3
CO2
6 carbon 6 oxygen
12 hydrogen 24
Glucose
C6H12O6
Oxygen Gas 2 O2
2 oxygen

7. Organic vs. Inorganic Organic
relating to or derived from living matter
organic chemistry is the study of carbon- based compounds (usually a combination of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)
examples  sugars, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
Inorganic
referring to chemicals that are not and never were living
examples  salts, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen