1. Warm Up—Pick up last mastery checklist, article, and poster from back Today’s standards: 2C2, 4C, 2E
Read antifreeze article—
how did the gene evolve?
How did the env influence the selection of gene?
Tell your Shmoop points—top one tells me

2. Main Idea: Gene duplication creates a situation in which one copy of the gene maintains its original function, while the duplicate may evolve a new function

3. Exit quiz—3B, 3D, 2E, 4C this week + review quiz
Announcements
Review Today 6:50 or 3:10
Mingle Thurs/Fri
33 days until test
Exit quiz—3B, 3D, 2E, 4C this week + review quiz
Last Poster due next Thurs/Fri
Next Sat—Practice Test 8am

4. FRQs Fitness for Points
Come in periods 1, 2, 6, or office hours. Need a written permission from a teacher if coming in during class.
Pick an FRQ and write for minimum 20 min
Score FRQ in a different color
Write your score and a reflection on what you learned at the bottom of your paper
Hand me the FRQ. Make sure it is clear if you want to receive 5 TEST points or clear 2 missing assignments

5. Responding to environment
Behavioral
Physiological
Think of examples of each

6. Make a graphic organizer
Responding to environment
-genes
-cells
-animals
-plants

7. Genes respond to environment
Operons
Antifreeze article

8. Cells respond to environment
During development cells signal other cells to differentiate

9. Cleavage Repeated mitotic divisions of zygote
1st step to becoming multicellular
unequal divisions establishes body plan
different cells receive different portions of egg cytoplasm & therefore different regulatory signals

10. Cleavage zygote  morula  blastula establishes future development
gastrulation
morula
blastula

11. Gastrulation Establish 3 cell layers--Differentiation ectoderm
gastrulation in primitive chordates
Gastrulation
Establish 3 cell layers--Differentiation
ectoderm
outer body tissues
skin, nails, teeth
nerves, eyes, lining of mouth
mesoderm
middle tissues
blood & lymph, bone & notochord, muscle
excretory & reproductive systems
endoderm
inner lining
digestive system
lining of respiratory, excretory & reproductive systems
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
protostome vs. deuterostome

12. Testing…
All of the following correctly describe the fate of the embryonic layers of a vertebrate EXCEPT
A. neural tube and epidermis develop from ectoderm
B. linings of digestive organs and lungs develop from endoderm
C. notochord and kidneys develop from endoderm
D. skeletal muscles and heart develop from mesoderm
E. reproductive organs and blood vessels develop from mesoderm

13. Testing…
In a study of the development of frogs, groups of cells in the germ layers of several embryos in the early gastrula stage were stained with five different dyes that do not harm living tissue. After organogenesis (organ formation), the location of the dyes was noted, as shown in the table below.
Tissue Stain
Brain Red
Notochord Yellow
Liver Green
Lens of the eye Blue
Lining of the digestive tract Purple

14. Neurulation Formation of notochord & neural tube
develop into nervous system
develops into CNS (brain & spinal cord)
Neural tube
Notochord
develops into vertebral column

15. Organogenesis Umbilical blood vessels Mammalian embryo Chorion
Bird embryo
Amnion
Yolk
sac
Allantois
Fetal blood vessels
Placenta
Maternal blood vessels

16. Plants respond to environment
-Seeds respond to water and hormones -Fruit responds to ethylene (ripening hormone) Flowers respond to pH of soil

17. Animals respond to environment
Hibernation
taxis and kinesis
shivering and sweating
Circadian rhythm

18. Hibernation follows annual rhythm in golden-mantled ground squirrels
Five animals were isolated at birth and kept in darkness at 3oC

19. Testes growth and feather molt in stonechats follows annual cycles
Nestlings were removed from Kenya and reared in Germany with constant
temperature and photoperiod and yet retain annual molt and testes cycles.
Notice that the clock period drifted.

20. Horseshoe crabs mate on full moon why?

21. Lunar position affects the tides
Spring tide
Sun and moon
align, tidal
excursion is
greatest
Neap tide
are perpendicular,
tidal excursion is
least

22. Lunar position affects the tides
Spring tide
Sun and moon
align, tidal
excursion is
greatest
Neap tide
are perpendicular,
tidal excursion is
least

23. Isopod activity follows tides
Isopods are usually covered with water at high tide. They retain
this activity even when kept in the lab with no tidal fluctuation.

24. Seasonal testis growth in white-crowned sparrows - light triggered?
H1: There is a photosensitive time window which follows a 24 h period.
H2: Early spring day length triggers testes growth.

25. Clock mechanisms Location of the clock Clock genes
Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Clock genes
Period
Timeless
Tau (doubletime)

26. Mammal and bird clocks reside in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which is in the hypothalamus

27. Before the movie What is needed to germinate a seed? My guess Bozeman
2)Stem cells are undifferentiated, how do cells become differentiated?