1. Orienteering in the terrain
Basic Map Info - 2
Orienteering in the terrain

2. An orienteering map is different from a topographic map:
Mountaineers use a topographic map. The scale is usually 1 / or 1 /
A topographic map shows: * only very distinct roads and vehicle tracks * only distinct rivers * forests - green * open areas - white

3. An orienteering map is more detailed:
The scale is usually 1/
* vegetation is more detailed: each colour has a meaning showing difference in vegetation * very small streams, even dried up water courses are shown * even small paths, tracks are shown

4. What can you see on a course map for orienteering?
1 - The scale 2 - The elevation (difference in height) between two contours --> “contour interval” 3 - The category this course belongs to 4 - The length of the course (as the crow flies)
5 - Control point definitions
6 - The course itself, shown by: * the start (triangle) * the finish (two concentric circles) * the control points (single circle)

5. 1 cm on the map = 100 meters on the terrain 1 / 5 000:
THE SCALE
The scale of the map is useful in estimating the distance from where you are now, and where you want to go.
1 / :
1 cm on the map = 100 meters on the terrain
1 / 5 000:
1 cm on the map = 50 meters on the terrain
You need to know how to count your paces!

6. Pace counting Homework: Measure your pace for 100 meters
* count 2 paces for 1
* count: - uphill - downhill - straight bit
* count: - walking - jogging - running

7. Contour interval
The contour interval shows the vertical difference in height (the elevation) between two contours.
Contour interval = 5 m
5 m = One and a half stories in a block of flats
The distance between two contours on the map will show the effort for climbing;
Less effort
Steep climb

8. Contour interval Homework: if the contour interval is 5 m
Assuming the first contour lies at the lowest point (car park surface),
how many contours for A? B? C?
Which one has the most climb?
Note: “most climb” may not mean “longest distance”! B C A

9. COLORS Yellow White Green show density of vegetation
Black shows “man-made features” or “stone features” rocks, stony ground, buildings, roads, paths, fences, special man-made objects... Blue shows water lakes, rivers, streams, dried up water course, well, fountain, swamp...
Brown shows earth contours, knolls, pits, earth banks, special earth features...

10. Black Paved area Unpaved path Rockface (teeth point downwards)
Building
Man-made object
Asphalt Road
Fence
Rock
Power line

11. Man-made line features
roads
fences
stone wall
power lines

12. Difference in width...

13. Unpaved paths and tracks...
Less distinct path, wide enough for only one person
More distinct path, wide enough for 2 people to walk together
Vehicle track wide enough for a vehicle to pass

15. asphalt road
unpaved vehicle track
distinct footpath
less distinct footpath
fence (passable)
fence (impassable - forbidden to pass)
ruined fence
stone wall
small power line or telephone line
high voltage power line

16. Match the terrain with the map

18. İNSAN YAPIMI DOĞRUSAL ÖZELLİKLER

19. More black:
Stone features

20. Blue

21. Water courses of different size

23. Density of
Vegetation

25. Cultivated open land
Rough open land
Semi-open land with scattered trees
Forest: easy running

26. Forest: easy running
Vegetation: difficult to run
Vegetation: very difficult to run

28. Undergrowth or small shrubs may slow down your pace
Dense forest runnable in one direction

32. Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...

33. Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...
Open land
Semi-open land
Forest boundary
Clearing
Bush, clump of dense vegetation
Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...

34. Distinct tree
Tree stump, fallen tree

35. Depression
Small depression
Hole

36. re-entrant

37. ridge
spur
re-entrant

38. hill
knoll (very small hill)
ditch

39. rockface

40. boulder
boulder field
boulder cluster
stony ground
very large bare rock

41. boulder
earth bank
boulder field
boulder cluster
stony ground
very large bare rock

43. Ahlatlıbel - Our first orienteering course in the terrain

44. for control descriptions www.fortnet.org/icd
IOF Control Descriptions