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Orienteering in the terrain
Basic Map Info - 2 Orienteering in the terrain
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An orienteering map is different from a topographic map:
Mountaineers use a topographic map. The scale is usually 1 / or 1 / A topographic map shows: * only very distinct roads and vehicle tracks * only distinct rivers * forests - green * open areas - white
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An orienteering map is more detailed:
The scale is usually 1/ * vegetation is more detailed: each colour has a meaning showing difference in vegetation * very small streams, even dried up water courses are shown * even small paths, tracks are shown
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What can you see on a course map for orienteering?
1 - The scale 2 - The elevation (difference in height) between two contours --> “contour interval” 3 - The category this course belongs to 4 - The length of the course (as the crow flies) 5 - Control point definitions 6 - The course itself, shown by: * the start (triangle) * the finish (two concentric circles) * the control points (single circle)
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1 cm on the map = 100 meters on the terrain 1 / 5 000:
THE SCALE The scale of the map is useful in estimating the distance from where you are now, and where you want to go. 1 / : 1 cm on the map = 100 meters on the terrain 1 / 5 000: 1 cm on the map = 50 meters on the terrain You need to know how to count your paces!
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Pace counting Homework: Measure your pace for 100 meters
* count 2 paces for 1 * count: - uphill - downhill - straight bit * count: - walking - jogging - running
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Contour interval The contour interval shows the vertical difference in height (the elevation) between two contours. Contour interval = 5 m 5 m = One and a half stories in a block of flats The distance between two contours on the map will show the effort for climbing; Less effort Steep climb
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Contour interval Homework: if the contour interval is 5 m
Assuming the first contour lies at the lowest point (car park surface), how many contours for A? B? C? Which one has the most climb? Note: “most climb” may not mean “longest distance”! B C A
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COLORS Yellow White Green show density of vegetation
Black shows “man-made features” or “stone features” rocks, stony ground, buildings, roads, paths, fences, special man-made objects... Blue shows water lakes, rivers, streams, dried up water course, well, fountain, swamp... Brown shows earth contours, knolls, pits, earth banks, special earth features...
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Black Paved area Unpaved path Rockface (teeth point downwards)
Building Man-made object Asphalt Road Fence Rock Power line
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Man-made line features
roads fences stone wall power lines
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Difference in width...
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Unpaved paths and tracks...
Less distinct path, wide enough for only one person More distinct path, wide enough for 2 people to walk together Vehicle track wide enough for a vehicle to pass
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asphalt road unpaved vehicle track distinct footpath less distinct footpath fence (passable) fence (impassable - forbidden to pass) ruined fence stone wall small power line or telephone line high voltage power line
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Match the terrain with the map
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İNSAN YAPIMI DOĞRUSAL ÖZELLİKLER
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More black: Stone features
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Blue
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Water courses of different size
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Density of Vegetation
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Cultivated open land Rough open land Semi-open land with scattered trees Forest: easy running
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Forest: easy running Vegetation: difficult to run Vegetation: very difficult to run
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Undergrowth or small shrubs may slow down your pace
Dense forest runnable in one direction
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Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...
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Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...
Open land Semi-open land Forest boundary Clearing Bush, clump of dense vegetation Control descriptions used for orienteering in the terrain...
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Distinct tree Tree stump, fallen tree
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Depression Small depression Hole
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re-entrant
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ridge spur re-entrant
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hill knoll (very small hill) ditch
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rockface
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boulder boulder field boulder cluster stony ground very large bare rock
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boulder earth bank boulder field boulder cluster stony ground very large bare rock
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Ahlatlıbel - Our first orienteering course in the terrain
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for control descriptions www.fortnet.org/icd
IOF Control Descriptions
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