1. A Family of Hydrophobic Macromolecules
Lipids
A Family of Hydrophobic Macromolecules

2. Lipid Facts Fat: Oil: Contribute 30-50% of calories for Americans .
Lipids are primarily consumed for energy
Diverse groups:

3. Lipid Facts Continued .

4. Types of Lipids 4 major sub-groups: 1) Glycerides (fats)
2) Phospholipids
3) Steroids
4) Waxes

5. Lipids Attached to… Lipid + Carbohydrate =
(cell signalling and attaching)
Lipid + Phosphate =
(cell membranes)
Lipid + Protein =
(cell signalling, structure, attaching)

6. Function .
2. .
3. .

7. 4. Structural:
5. Vitamins and Hormones
6. Waxes:

8. Glycerides (Fats) .
Glycerides are defined by their fatty acid components:
Number (1 to 3 fatty acid)
Length
Degree of saturation (referring to if double bonds between carbons are present or not)

9. Glycerol . GLYCEROL Source:

10. Fatty Acids .
Usually hydrophobic (can be amphipathic)

11. Naming Glycerides Monglycerides = 1 fatty acid
Diglycerides = 2 fatty acids
Triglycerides = 3 fatty acids

12. Fatty Acid Nomenclature
Based on:
Number of carbons
Number of double bonds
Oleic Acid

13. Saturated .
Implicated in coronary heart disease (CHD)
Meats, dairy
Unsaturated
Less stable to off flavor development
Vegetables, legumes, fish

14. Linolenic Acid, an Omega 3 Fatty Acid
Polyunsaturated: 
Highly Unsaturated: 
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Good for reducing CHD
High in fish
Linolenic Acid, an Omega 3 Fatty Acid

15. Unsaturated Fatty Acids.
Trans double bonds
Cis double bonds

16. Unsaturated: double bonds between 1 or more carbons
Saturated: only single bonds

17. Formation of a triglyceride

19. Phospholipids . Cell membrane Amphipathic:
Phosphate head = hydrophillic
Fatty acid tails = hydrophobic
Source:

20. Form micelles, liposomes or bilayers in water
Cell membranes (selectively permeable) are composed of bilayers of phospholipids.
Source:

24. LIPIDS

25. Steroids . Also a membrane component CHOLESTEROL Source:
PROGESTERONE
Source:
TESTOSTERONE
Source:

26. Steroids made from Cholesterol
Source:

27. Cholesterol Why is cholesterol important in the body? .
Foods high in cholesterol
Organ meats
Eggs
Shellfish

29. CONNECTION Anabolic steroids pose health risks
Anabolic steroids are natural and synthetic variants of the male hormone testosterone
Build up bone and muscle mass
Can cause serious health problems

31. (4 ring compounds)

32. Waxes
Extremely hydrophobic
Cutin: cuticle of leaf

34. Function and Structure of Lipids
Lipid Molecule
Function
Structure
Glycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids