1. Classification of Organisms The Necessity of Classifying

2. Taxonomy also called “systematics”
the science of classifying organisms into groups

3. Classify
to assign an organism to a particular classification group
Identify
to determine the group in which an organism belongs

4. The History of Classification

5. Aristotle based his groupings on observable characteristics
artificial classification system
two major groups each with three subgroups
used for almost 2,000 years

6. Carolus Linnaeus created a classification system in the mid-1700s
based his system on observable characteristics
made a more developed system that is also more flexible

7. Hierarchy of the Classification System
Start with the broadest group or classification and work down to the most specific category.

8. kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

9. domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

10. The organisms in the kingdom Fungi were originally in the kingdom Plantae.
Kingdom Animalia contains heterotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms.

11. Classification System
Each group can be divided into several groups on the next level.
Each group has characteristics that all levels under the group possess.
Each level can be subdivided before reaching the next level.

12. Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

13. Appendix B

14. Kingdoms Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
prokaryotic
differ in the composition of their cell walls

15. Kingdom Protista algae & protozoans
autotrophic and heterotrophic
mobile and stationary
unicellular and colonial
eukaryotic cells that aren’t animals, plants, or fungi

16. Kingdom Fungi
eukaryotic
all heterotrophic
unicellular and colonial

17. Kingdom Plantae eukaryotic all multicellular with true tissues
most autotrophic

18. Kingdom Animalia eukaryotic all multicellular with true tissues
all heterotrophic

19. A mushroom is colonial because
its cells lack true nuclei.
it lacks true tissues.
it is heterotrophic.
it is stationary.

20. A cell with a Golgi body is prokaryotic. is eukaryotic.
may be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

21. A brown protist is most likely autotrophic.
true
false

22. Scientific Names

23. Binomial Nomenclature
system of naming organisms in which each organism is given a genus and species name

24. Using Scientific Names
example: Canis familiaris
“Canis” (capitalized)
“familiaris” (not capitalized)
both words italicized or underlined

25. Why Latin?
dead language
known by scholars
highly descriptive