1. The Enlightenment and The Great Awakening
American
Culture and Identity

2. The Enlightenment – A Time of Reason and Science
Emphasized reason and science as the path to knowledge
Based on Natural laws of the universe developed by scientists; such as gravity
Stressed observation or experimentation to understand the world
Some applied these natural laws to societies
Ideas about natural rights and government influenced leaders
One thing I talked about with the Pre-AP kids is on the understanding and observation was about the Scientific Method in their science class.

3. Knowledge, reason, & science could improve society
Enlightenment
Movement began in Europe
Knowledge, reason, & science could improve society
Schools of higher learning open across America
Best known American scientist

4. People of the Enlightenment
Ben Franklin
American thinker, diplomat, and inventor
John Locke
Men are all rational and capable people (Natural Rights)
Life, Liberty, & Property
Government must work for the people to protect Natural Rights
Charles de Montesquieu
Division of gov’t (federalism) and separation of powers
William Blackstone
Men’s natural rights are adapted to human rights that come from God
Father of English Common Law
Sir Isaac Newton
Scholar and mathematician regarded as the father of physical science
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Social Contract (1762) conceived of a system of direct democracy in which all citizens contribute to an overarching “general will” that serves everyone at once
The only reason the last guy is on there is to point out the Social Contract.

5. 1720 Estimated Religious Statistics
The Great Awakening
1720 Estimated Religious Statistics
New England—1 in 7 belonged to a church.
Middle Colonies—1 in 15 belonged to a church.
Southern Colonies—1 in 15 supported a church.
1730s – 1740s
A religious revival began to sweep through the colonies lead by travelling ministers
Began in the New England Colonies

6. Spreading the Great Awakening
Spread from New England to the others
Travelling ministers preached that inner religious emotion was more important that outward behavior.
The Sermons appealed to the heart and drew large crowds

7. Leaders of the Movement
Jonathan Edwards
George Whitefield
Called the "Great Itinerant" because he traveled and preached all around North American and Europe between 1740 and 1770.
Preached in New England; emphasized personal approach to religion; bucked Puritan traditions and called for unity instead of intolerance

8. Effects of Great Awakening
Some Protestant groups expanded
Others split
Some groups welcomed women, African-Americans and Native Americans as members of the congregation
Colleges such as Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Brown were created to train Ministers

9. Effects of the Great Awakening
Pushed individual religious experience over established doctrine
Decreased the importance of the clergy & the church
Encouraged ideas of equality, unity, & the right to challenge authority
These ideas inspired future generations to challenge the authority of the English government
Lead to the American Revolution and Declaration of Independence