1. Matter, Subatomic Particles & Bonding

2. 1. What is matter? Anything that occupies space and has mass
Has to have both!!!

3. 2. What is an element?
Substances that can not be broken down into other substances

5. 3. What is an atom?
Smallest amount of an element by physically making it smaller

6. 4. This is picture of a? Water molecule
5A. There are ____ hydrogen (H) atoms.
5B. There are _____ (O) oxygen atoms.
6. How do you write the formula?
H2O

7. 7. In the formula, where does the # of elements go?
After the letter as a subscript
H20
Why isn’t there a number after the O?
Is water an element or compound or molecule?
How do you know?

8. 8. How are the oxygen and hydrogen held together?
bonds
All compounds are based upon different types of bonds! 

9. 9. An atom What is the blue area called? nucleus
The nucleus holds the?
Protons and neutrons
The outer circles are where what lives?
electrons
Compounds are made by bonding with electrons in the outer shell!!

10. 10. Charges The protons have a positive charge P +
The electrons have a negative charge e-
The neutrons have no charge 0

11. 11. Atomic # & atomic mass
The atomic number is the # of electrons and protons
Proton # never changes
Electron # changes when bonding
Mass # is equal to atomic # + # of neutrons

12. 12. Isotopes These are All carbon How are they different?
Mass # is different
Different # of neutrons
Radioactive
How are isotopes used in our lives today?
Bone scans

13. 1. Why do chemicals bond? To make compounds
A. How do they bond? (look at periodic table)
Using electrons in the outer orbitals of an element or atom

14. Bonds Vs TV
Bonds are the glue that hold 2 or more atoms together to make molecules which acts like a single distinct object.
A TV is made of many parts. Would the TV work if you had the screen only??

15. 2. How do you find the # of electrons available for bonding?
Look at the top of each column
The # represents the amount of electrons in the outer shell orbital

16. 3. Where do you find the # of electrons in an element?
On the top of the element
A. How many electrons are there in the element? 11

17. 4. Where do I find the # of electrons available for bonding?_____
On the top of the column
A. How many electrons are available for bonding in Na? 1

18. 5. The elements of the left side of the table are:
Left are metals
6. Right are non-metals – mostly gases
Column 8 = noble gases
Why?

19. 7. Bonding from left to right side is known as an
Ionic bond
From opposite sides of the periodic table
One element is giving up electrons to the other

20. 8. Right side bonds with right side is called:
Covalent bonds
From the right side of the periodic table
One element is sharing electrons with the other

21. 9. Is NaCl an ionic or covalent bond?
Why?
Opposite sides of the periodic table

22. 10. Is CO2 an ionic or covalent bond?
Why?
Same side of the periodic table

23. “8” being the magic # except for Hydrogen and helium
Look at the atomic # for hydrogen and helium – how many total electrons do they have?
H, 1; He 2
Look at the picture
How many electrons are in the 1st orbital? How many electrons are in the 2nd orbital?

24. 11. Potassium “K” is in what column (Group/Family)?
A. How many electrons are available for bonding? 1
B. By giving up just __ electron, it will be in its “happy” place.

25. 12. Chlorine “Cl” is in what column?
A. How many electrons are available for bonding? 7
B. By taking up just __ electron, it will be in its “happy” place

26. 13. Carbon “C” is in what column?
A. How many electrons are available for bonding? 4
B. By giving up or taking just sharing electrons, it will be in its “happy” place

27. 14. One more type of bonding is called Hydrogen bonding
Can form, break, or reform easily.
Easily goes from gas to liquid to solid.
A. What molecule does our body use that involves hydrogen bonding?
water

28. 15. Two sides to an equation to make a compound
reactant products
Law of Conservation of Mass
Reactant and Products

29. 16. Why do we care about atoms, electrons, and bonding in Biology?
A. Why do we eat?
To get energy
B. How do we get the energy?
Break down food to glucose – every cell in our body needs glucose

30. 17. What are the most important elements to Biology?
CHNOPS
Carbon is in all living things (carbon backbone)
H2O is in all living things
Proteins have Nitrogen and sulfur
Phosphorus is in phospholipids