1. Unit 13 – Acid, Bases, & Salts
Properties of Acids and Bases
Properties
Common Uses
Neutralization and Salts
Indicators
Print 1-11, 13

2. HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– A. Definitions Acids
Dissociate in water to form
hydronium ions (H3O+)
Proton donors
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– H H O O Cl Cl H H H H

3. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- A. Definitions Bases
Dissociate in water to form
hydroxide ions (OH-)
Proton acceptors
NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- H H N O N O H H H H H H H H

4. HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– A. Definitions Conjugate Acids & Bases
A conjugate base remains when an acid donates an H+.
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– H H O O Cl Cl H H H H

5. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- A. Definitions Conjugate Acids & Bases
A conjugate acid remains when a
base accepts an H+.
NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- H H N O N O H H H H H H H H

6. Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
two substances related by the loss or gain of a single H+.

7. Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 B. Properties ACIDS BASES sour taste
sing. rep. rxn w/ metals form H2 gas
conduct
turn litmus red
bitter taste
slippery feel
conduct
turn litmus blue
Red Ac-ed
Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

8. B. Properties Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Vinegar Carbonic acid H2CO3 Sodas
Hydrochloric acid HCl Stomach acid
Nitric acid HNO Fertilizer, industry
Ascorbic acid C6H8O Vitamin C
Sulfuric acid H2SO Battery acid

9. B. Properties Sodium hydroxide NaOH Drain cleaner, soap
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Antacid, laxative
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Concrete, plaster
Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Deodorant, antacid
Ammonia NH Cleaner, fertilizer

10. C. Neutralization and Salts
Neutralization – chemical reaction between an acid and a base making …
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH
H2O =
ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER

11. C. Neutralization and Salts
KOH + HNO3  H2O + KNO3
Acid?
Base?
Salt?
donates H+
OH- accepts H+
neutral KNO3

12. C. Neutralization and Salts
Sodium chloride NaCl flavoring, preservative
Sodium carbonate Na2CO glass
Potassium chloride KCl salt substitute to reduce sodium
Potassium iodide KI Added to table salt for more iodine
Magnesium chloride MgCl2 De-icer for roads
Calcium carbonate CaCO Chalk and marble
Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Fertilizer, cold packs

13. D. Indicators Indicator changes color in an acid or base Examples:
litmus - red/blue
phenolphthalein - colorless/pink
red cabbage juice - pink/green

14. D. Indicators
Universal Indicator

15. Quick Quiz!
1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acids?
A) tastes sour
B) turns litmus red
C) feel slippery
D) react with metals to form H2 gas 15

16. Quick Quiz.
2) Which compound is most likely to act as an acid and why?
A) H2O
B) NH3
C) NaOH
D) H2SO4
b/c it can donate an H+ 16

17. Quick Quiz.
3) When a neutralization takes place, one of the products is always…
A) carbon dioxide
B) a salt
C) sodium chloride
D) a precipitate
(not just NaCl) 17

18. Quick Quiz. 4) A(n) _________ changes color in an acid or base.
A) precipitate
B) salt
C) ammonia solution
D) indicator 18