1. Western Migration

2. Warm Up
What were two major inventions of industrialization? How did they help change/modernize the United States?
(Inventions of Industrialization)

3. #1
What was the Bessemer Steel Process?

4. #2
Who invented the light bulb?

5. #3
Who invented the telephone?

6. #4
How did the increasing amount of immigration into the US help to increase profits for factories?

7. #5
What was one major economic affect of the Railroads?

8. #6
Who built the Railroads (from west to east and east to west)?

9. #7
What is the transcontinental railroad? Where was its construction finally completed?

10. The American West (22 min)

11. Cultures Clash on the Prairie
Great Plains – grassland extending through the west central portion of the United States

12. Native Americans Lived in small extended family groups
Believed in spirits that controlled nature
Believed land could not be owned

13. Settlers Push West
Divide land for ownership, mine claims, and businesses.
Native Americans didn’t “improve” the land, so they forfeited their rights
Traveled on railroad and wagon trails to claim land.

14. Custer’s Last Stand

15. Gold Rush pushes Settlers West
Gold discovered in Colorado in 1858
Mining towns filled with American settlers and immigrants.

16. Gov. Restricts Native Americans
Native Americans restricted from hunting on ‘claimed land.’
Continued to hunt on traditional lands
Clashed with miners and settlers.

18. Assimilation
Assimilation – plan for Native Americans to give up their beliefs and way of life to be come part of white culture.
Daws Act, 1887
Broke up Reservation land and assigned to families

19. Destruction of Buffalo

20. The Cattle Business
Cowboys learn how to heard longhorns on the open range from Mexicans.
Growth of cities increased the demand for beef.
Shipped cattle along the railroad routes.

21. Cattle Towns Joseph McCoy created the first Cattle town.
Cowboys would drive cattle north to cattle towns. Their cattle would be slaughtered, packaged and shipped to major urban settings.

22. Chisholm Trail
Joseph McCoy created shipping yards where cattle trails and railway lines met.
Abilene, KS
Chisholm Trail – major cattle route from San Antonio, TX, through OK to KS.

24. The Oregon Trail

25. End of the Open Range The Era of the Cowboy ended quickly
Ranching became big business
Big Business took over and cut out the individual cowboy
Overgrazing of the land
Led to cattle shortages
Extended bad weather
Very dangerous to be a cowboy (struck by lightning, caught by tornadoes
Invention of barbed wire
Barbwire made it impossible for cowboys to drive cattle over long distances

26. Government Support Homestead Act, 1862
160 acres of land free to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of household
Only about 10% of the land was actually settled by those intended
Businesses, railroads, and state governments used land for their own gain.

27. Exodusters
African Americans who moved from the South to Kansas

28. The Sooners Oklahoma land give-away in 1889
Some people took possession of land before it became available.
They became known as Sooners.
OK known as the Sooner state

29. The Indian Wars
As more and more settlers moved west, conflict increased between Native Americans and settlers.
In response to pleas and protest from settlers, the Federal Government sends troops out west, to clear the land and push the Native Americans back towards reservations

30. Little Bighorn Custer’s Last Stand-
During a gold rush in the South Dakota, general Custer was sent to handle the Sioux and Cheyenne.
Sitting Bull had a vision after holding a sun dance, he predicted soldiers would fall from their horse.
General Custer and his men are slaughtered

31. The Battle of Wounded Knee
After the defeat at Little Big Horn, the US sends large numbers of troops west
At wounded Knee round up 350 Sioux and take them to camp, the following day a shot rang out, and the soldiers slaughter 300 including old people, women and children
The Battle of Wounded Knee is the last resistance the Native Americans put up

33. Taming the Prairie

35. Midwest Farmers in trouble
Economic Distress
Greenback money was not valuable anymore.
Railroad Troubles
Lack of competition meant high prices to transport grain

36. Pg 220

38. Farmers’ Alliances
Grange – organization of farmers that fought railroads for affordable prices
Purpose of the Grange
How to organize together
Farmers’ cooperatives
How to sponsor state legislation

39. Populism Populist – political party of the people.
Fought for economic reforms
Increase in money supply
Graduated income tax
Federal loan program for farmers
Eight hour workday
Restrictions on Immigration

40. Populism

41. Panic of 1893 Economic panic due to rapid and irresponsible growth.
By December 1894, 1/5 of workforce was unemployed.

42. The Populist Solution
Bimetallism – using gold or silver to exchange for paper money.

43. Bryan’s “Cross of Gold”
Populists joined with the Democratic party in the election of 1896.
William Jennings Bryan won the democratic nomination with his “Cross of Gold” speech.

44. William Jennings Bryan

45. End of Populism
Republican candidate William McKinley won the election.
This defeat ushered the end of populism.