2. RNA processing and transport RNA degradation Translation
Gene Expression is regulated due to environmental and developmental cues:
DNA packaging
Transcription
RNA processing and transport
RNA degradation
Translation
Post-translational
Fig 16.1

3. For life to exist, the information (genes) must be passed on.

4. The Cell Cycle
Fig 7.23

5. DNA replication precedes cell division

7. DNA replication starts at the origin of replication

8. Eukaryotic initiation of replication
Fig 7.24

9. DNA replication starts at the origin of replication
Helicase unwinds/separates the two strands of DNA.

10. DNA replication starts at the origin of replication
The DNA is copied

11. The DNA is copied DNA replication starts at the origin of replication
More unwinding, more copying

12. DNA replication starts at the origin of replication
The DNA has now been copied. There are now two double-stranded DNAs

17. DNA polymerase can only use some DNA as template
Completely single stranded 3' 5'
Polymerase inactive
G
A A
T C
T
G
C
Completely double stranded 3' 5'
G
A A
T C
T
G
C
Polymerase inactive C
T T A G A C
G 5' 3'
Single strand as template plus 3' end to start synthesis
Figure: 12.8
Caption:
When DNA templates are completely single-stranded or double-stranded, no synthesis occurs. The DNA polymerases work only when there is a single-stranded template and a 3’ hydroxyl group available, as shown here. 3' 5'
G
A A
T C
T
G
C
Polymerase active
C T T 5' OH 3'

19. Fig 7.17

21. How do cell’s stitch together Okazaki
Fig 7.17

27. Proteins at work at the replication fork
Fig 7.19

28. Gyrase untangles DNA
Fig 7.19

29. Fig 7.16

30. Fig 7.22