1. The lungs and breathing

2. Breathing is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs
Learning objectives
Define breathing
Label the structure of the respiratory system
Describe some of the effects of smoking on the respiratory system
Explain how muscles enable us to breath
Breathing is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs

3. Structure and lung diseases
Copy the diagram.
Suggest why the trachea is surrounded by rings of cartilage.
Describe how the intercostal muscles and diaphragm help us to breathe in.

5. The trachea Goblet cells produce mucus
Ciliated epithelial cell
The trachea
Goblet cell
Goblet cells produce mucus
The mucus traps dirt and bacteria
The cilia moves the bacteria up towards the throat where they are swallowed and digested
People with cystic fibrosis produce very thick mucus that is difficult for the cilia to move
Smoking contains chemicals that stop the cilia from moving
mucus

6. Breathing Complete the cloze procedure against the clock activity
Copy the sentences into your notebook.

7. Breathing

8. Gaseous exchange Where is the oxygen concentration highest?
Biconcave red blood cell
Where is the oxygen concentration highest?
Explain how we maintain a high concentration of oxygen in the lungs.
Suggest the way in which the structure of the alveolus and capillaries ensure rapid diffusion.
How doe the shape of a red blood cell ensure rapid diffusion in and out of the cell?