1. Chapter 14
Gene Activity
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2. CO 14

3. GENES SPECIFY ENZYMES

4. GENES SPECIFY PROTEINS

5. The Central Dogma
DNA 
RNA
Amino Acid (Protein)

6. RNA is a lot like DNA, except: 1. Ribose 2. Uracil 3. Single Strand
Figure 14.3
RNA is a lot like DNA, except:
1. Ribose
2. Uracil
3. Single Strand
*Can leave the nucleus, carries the "message" 

7. Every 3 bases on mRNA (messenger RNA) is called a CODON
Figure 14.5
Every 3 bases on mRNA  (messenger RNA) is called a CODON
Each CODON specifies one AMINO ACID
Chains of amino acids are proteins          (ex.  hemoglobin)

8. The process where mRNA is made from DNA
Figure 14.6
TRANSCRIPTION:
The process where mRNA is made from DNA
Follows base-pair rule
has uracil instead of thymine
RNA polymerase is used to build the strand of RNA

9. Transcription Animations
Transcription: Stolaf.edu
Transcription:  University of Nebraska
Transcription: Concord.org

10. Translation: process by which protein is built from the mRNA
 tRNA is used to build an amino acid chain
Each 3 bases on mRNA codes for a single amino acid. 

11. 3 bases on mRNA 
     = a codon
Matching 3 bases on tRNA
    = anticodon
tRNA has a single attached amino acid

12. Translation occurs on the ribosome
mRNA is threaded through the small and large subunit

13. Figure 14.10b

14. Each tRNA delivers an amino acid which binds to the previous amino acid, eventually forming a long chain .....a PROTEIN

15. All genes start with AUG, also called the START CODON
It attaches to anticodon UAC and the amino acid methionine

16. Figure 14.12

17. Figure 14.13

18. The Big Picture  (aka The Central Dogma)

19. Figure 14.4

20. Animations of Translation
Translation: Stolaf.edu 
Translation: University of Nebraska
Translation: Concord.org