1. Organizing the Elements 6.1

2. Organizing the Elements
6.1
In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.

3. Searching For an Organizing Principle
6.1
Searching For an Organizing Principle
Searching For an Organizing Principle
How did chemists begin to organize the known elements?

4. Searching For an Organizing Principle
6.1
Searching For an Organizing Principle
Chemists used the properties of elements to sort them into groups.

5. Searching For an Organizing Principle
6.1
Searching For an Organizing Principle
Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties.
Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties. The numbers shown are the average atomic masses for these elements.

6. Dohereiner published the first classification system He arranged the elements into triads with similar properties. Problem? All of the elements could not be grouped this way.

7. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
6.1
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table?

8. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
6.1
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass.
The periodic table can be used to predict the properties of undiscovered elements.
It was found that the properties of the element (60) tended to repeat themselves.

9. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
6.1
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
In this early version of Mendeleev’s periodic table, the rows contain elements with similar properties. Observing A fourth element is grouped with chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and (I) iodine. What is this element’s symbol?

10. Mendeleeve did not know about protons, neutrons or electrons
Mendeleeve did not know about protons, neutrons or electrons. Mosley 1932 used the knowledge of the protons and developed the atomic number for each element. Atomic Number = the number of protons

11. The Periodic Law How is the modern periodic table organized? 6.1

12. 6.1
The Periodic Law
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Interpreting Diagrams How many elements are there in the second period?

13. 6.1
The Periodic Law
The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
The properties of the elements within a period change as you move across a period from left to right.
The pattern of properties within a period repeats as you move from one period to the next.

14. Question!
What does the element’s position in the table indicate about it’s properties? Ans: the properties of an element are similar to those of other elements in the same group.

15. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
What are three broad classes of elements?

16. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Across a period, the properties of elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic.

17. IUPAC is an organization that establishes the standards of chemistry
IUPAC is an organization that establishes the standards of chemistry. They decided to number the columns 1 thru 18.

18. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table. What is the purpose of the dark line?
www
One way to classify elements in the periodic table is as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Inferring What is the purpose for the black stair-step line?

19. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
One way to classify elements in the periodic table is as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Inferring What is the purpose for the black stair-step line?

20. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals
Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current.
80% of elements are metals.
Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable.
Sheen is sometimes used. Metals are able to reflect light,

21. All metals are solids at room temperature
All metals are solids at room temperature. Except for Mercury that is liquid.

22. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
The metals iron, copper, and aluminum have many important uses. How each metal is used is determined by its properties.

23. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
The metals iron, copper, and aluminum have many important uses. How each metal is used is determined by its properties.

24. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
The metals iron, copper, and aluminum have many important uses. How each metal is used is determined by its properties.

25. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
One way to classify elements in the periodic table is as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Inferring What is the purpose for the black stair-step line?

26. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Nonmetals
In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus.
One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid.

27. Carbon is an exception to the rule of being a poor conductors of heat and electricity. Some nonmetals are brittle in nature and shatter when hit by a hammer.

28. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metalloids
A metalloid generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals.
The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions.

29. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
One way to classify elements in the periodic table is as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Inferring What is the purpose for the black stair-step line?

30. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
6.1
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
If a small amount of boron is mixed with silicon, the mixture is a good conductor of electric current. Silicon can be cut into wafers, and used to make computer chips.

31. Question!
Identify each element as a metal, metalloid or nonmetal. a. Gold b. silicon c. sulfur d barium

32. 1. The modern periodic table has elements arranged in order of
6.1 Section Quiz
1. The modern periodic table has elements arranged in order of
colors.
melting and boiling points.
increasing atomic mass.
increasing atomic number.

33. 6.1 Section Quiz
2. Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing
atomic number.
number of protons.
number of electrons.
atomic mass

34. 3. Which one of the following is NOT a general property of metals?
6.1 Section Quiz
3. Which one of the following is NOT a general property of metals?
ductility
malleability
having a high luster
poor conductor of heat and electricity

35. page 181 # 24-29 Make sure you know the definitions to the flash words
page 181 # Make sure you know the definitions to the flash words. Read the section. Review /learn notes.

36. END OF SHOW