1. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Stage 1
Preindustrial
Stage 2
Transitional
Stage 3
Industrial
Stage 4
Postindustrial
Stage 5 (?)
Birth rate
 High
High
Falling
Low
Very low
Death rate
Falls quickly
Falls slowly
Population change
 Stable
 Very rapid increase
 Increase slows down
 Slow decrease
Reasons for changes in birth rate
Children needed for farming, children die at early age (high infant mortality), cultural/social encouragement, no family planning available 
Improved medical care and diet, fewer children needed, contraception
Family planning available, good health, improved status of women, later marriages
Reasons for changes in death rate
 Disease, famine, poor medical knowledge, many children die
Improved medical care, increased food production, cleaner water supply, better sanitation, fewer children die 
Good health care, reliable food supply 
Present examples
Remote groups, Uganda, Zambia 
Kenya, Guatemala, Egypt, Iraq
India, Cuba, China
USA, Italy, France, Canada 
Japan, Germany