1. Cardiovascular Disease
Blood Vessels

2. Diagram of the Heart ©http://www. nhlbi. nih

3. Most incidences of heart disease originate in the blood vessels

4. Anatomy of Blood Vessels ©http://www.unm.edu/~jimmy/vessels.jpg

5. Both Arteries and Veins Have 3 Layers:
Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima

6. Tunica Adventitia Outer layer of the blood vessel
Composed of connective tissue with different amounts of elastic fibers
Elasticity of the wall aids in maintaining blood pressure

7. Tunica Media Middle layer
Composed of smooth muscle cells arranged in a circular pattern around the vessel
Larger arteries contain more smooth muscle cells

8. Tunica Intima Inner layer Composed of endothelial cells
Endothelial cells reduce friction of blood flow; they are the cells cover/line all internal and external body parts

9. Artery © http://www. nlm. nih

12. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and towards the tissue
Large arteries actually have their own system of blood vessels = vasa vasorum
Large arteries leave the heart and divide into smaller arteries
These arteries called ARTERIOLES

13. Arterioles: Medium size arteries
Have very muscular walls which control the amount of blood flow to specific organs through vasoconstriction and dilatation
Become smaller the further they are from the artery

14. Arterioles:
Very small arterioles consist only of a thin layer of endothelial tissue with smooth muscle cells
Endothelial cells reduce friction
Smooth muscle cells assist with vasoconstriction and vasodilatation

15. Capillaries
Arterioles branch into the CAPILLARIES found throughout tissue
Capillaries exchange oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide and waste with surrounding tissue

16. Capillaries
Capillaries do not contain any smooth muscle cells

19. Venules
After gases exchange occurs and capillaries leave the tissue, they are called VENULES
Venule walls contain smooth muscle cells
As venules become larger, they are called VEINS

20. Veins Veins return blood from the tissue to the heart
Veins have a very thin layer of muscle tissue and elastic fibers
Walls of veins are much thinner than arteries…why?

21. http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://www. siumed

22. Veins
Veins do not need to withstand high internal pressure

23. Valves Along the inner lining of veins, there are valves
Valves are composed of endothelial tissue which reduces friction assisting with blood flow
When blood flows toward the heart, the “flaps” of the valves are pressed back against the walls of the vessels

24. Valves If a back pressure develops, the valves close Why?
Prevents blood from flowing back into the capillaries
Very important with lower extremities

25. Valve in Vein ©http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/740/77408.JPG

26. Valves in Vein ©http://www.adronline.org/images/evlt/blueVein.gif

27. Arteries to Know Aorta Very large
Extends from the left side of the heart
Runs along the backside of the heart
Oriented downward
Carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

28. Aorta ©http://www.teamt.us/images/Aorta_Structure.jpg

29. Pulmonary Artery
Large artery
Located on the right side of the heart
Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

30. Pulmonary Artery (blue) ©http://medpics. findlaw

31. http://resources. fadavis. com/strasinger3e/Animations/animations. cfm

32. Carotid Arteries
Located in the neck
Carries blood to the face and scalp (not the brain)

33. Carotid (Cartoid) Artery ©http://www. carolinavascular

34. Cerebral Artery
Supplies blood to the lobes of the brain

35. Cerebral Artery ©http://www.transonic.com/brain1.gif

36. Renal Arteries (left and right)
Supply the kidneys with blood

37. Renal Arteries ©http://www. ivy-rose. co

38. Iliac Arteries
Carry oxygenated blood from the abdominal aorta to the pelvic region
Near the femur ends

39. Iliac Arteries ©http://www. medicalook

40. Iliac Arteries ©http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/pelvicarteries.jpg

41. Femoral Artery
Continuation of the external iliac artery
Large artery located in the thigh

42. Femoral Artery ©http://content. answers

43. Popliteal Artery
Extension of the superficial femoral artery
Goes through calf muscle (down backside)
Supplies blood to the knee and foot

44. Popliteal Artery ©http://www. clevelandclinic

45. Coronary Arteries
Supply blood to the heart
Located on front of heart
Right coronary artery supplies blood to right front of heart
Left coronary artery supplies blood to left side of heart

46. Left circumflex artery
Supplies blood to the backside of the heart

47. Coronary Arteries ©http://www.kmu.lt/Card_surg/img/smallbypass.gif