1. Jung, Michael E. ; Im, G-Yoon J
Jung, Michael E.; Im, G-Yoon J. Convergent total synthesis of the racemic HIF-1 inhibitor laurenditerpenol. Tetrahedron Letters (2008), 49(33),

3. Luche Reduction
CeCl3 promotes the 1,2 reduction of a,b-unsaturated ketones, over the conjugate (1,4) reduction.
Link

6. DIBAL = Diisobutylaluminum Hydride
Link

14. PivCl = pivaloyl chloride = t-Bu-COCl
TBS-Cl = tert-Butyldimethylsilyl Chloride
DIBAL = Diisobutylaluminum Hydride
TPAP = Tetrapropylammonium Perruthenate
NMO = N-Methylmorpholine-N-oxide

15. Ley, Steven V. ; Norman, Joanne; Griffith, William P
Ley, Steven V.; Norman, Joanne; Griffith, William P.; Marsden, Stephen P. Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate, Pr4N+RuO4-, TPAP: a catalytic oxidant for organic synthesis. Synthesis (1994), (7),

16. LiHMDS = Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide = LiN(SiMe3)2

17. Julia Olefination
Link

19. Diimide Reductions

20. Boukouvalas, John; Wang, Jian-Xin
Boukouvalas, John; Wang, Jian-Xin. Structure Revision and Synthesis of a Novel Labdane Diterpenoid from Zingiber ottensii. Organic Letters (2008), 10(16),

21. Weinreb Amide

22. Weinreb Amide General

23. LAB = Lithium amidotrihydroborate = LiH2NBH3

25. TIPS = Triisopropylsilyl
PCC = Pyridinium Chlorochromate

27. TFEF = 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate = HCO2CH2CF3

29. Donohoe, Timothy J. ; Thomas, Rhian E. ; Cheeseman, Matthew D
Donohoe, Timothy J.; Thomas, Rhian E.; Cheeseman, Matthew D.; Rigby, Caroline L.; Bhalay, Gurdip; Linney, Ian D. Flexible Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Organic Letters (2008), 10(16),

33. LiTMP = Lithium tetramethylpiperidide
DBB = Di-tert-butylbiphenyl
Boc = tert-butyloxycarbonyl = t-BuO-CO

34. Birch Reduction

35. Mechanism of the Birch Reduction

36. However, the original Birch reduction conditions have some drawbacks, one of which is the use of liquid ammonia as solvent.
The use of other electron donating reagents can permit the use of THF as solvent.

39. Red-Al is less oxygen sensitive and more soluble than LiAlH4.

42. Link

43. TMO = trimethylamine-N-oxide
pTSA = p-toluenesulfonic acid

44. DMP = Dess-Martin Periodinane

56. LiBH4 is a somewhat stronger reducing agent than NaBH4
… But still safer than LiAlH4

59. Horner-Emmons-Wadsworth Reaction

60. Mechanism of the HEW Reaction

62. Corey-Bakshi-Shibata Reduction