1. Amino Acids

2. Review the 4 Classes of Protein Structure
1. Primary Structure
Phenylalanine

3. 2. Secondary Structure a. Alpha (α) Helix
b. Pleated Sheet

4. Secondary Structure of a Protein

5. 3. Tertiary Structure Overall primary and secondary structure
Hydrophobic interactions
Disulfide bridges
Ionic bonds between opposite charges

6. 4. Quarternary Structure
**Increased complexity = increased stability!**

7. Enzymes Proteins (sometimes RNA) Biological catalysts Reuseable
Reduce activation
energy

8. Lock and key model
**Generally catalyze ONE reaction ONLY!!!**

9. Induced Fit Model

10. Factors that affect enzyme activity
1. Temperature – optimal temperature for fastest rate of reaction 60
Optimal range

11. 2. pH – optimal pH at which rate of reaction is fastest
Effect of pH on enzyme activity