1. The 2nd step in Protein Synthesis
Translation
The 2nd step in Protein Synthesis

2. Translation Vocabulary
Anticodon
‘AUG’
Codon
Polypeptide
‘Stop’ Codon
Translation

3. IV. Translation
Proteins are long chains of amino acids.
Codon: 3 consecutive nucleotides that “code” for a specific amino acid.
What is the universal “start” codon:
AUG
What are the three “stop” codons?
UGA, UAA, UAG

4. The Genetic Code (mRNA to Protein)
Translating an mRNA codon:
Start from the center and
move outward.

5. The Genetic Code
Start from the left side, the bottom, then right side.

7. U C C A U G G A A G U G A U U C C A U A A
Use the genetic code below to translate the following mRNA sequences (into amino acids)
mRNA:
A U G U A U C G G G C A U U U U A A
U C C A U G G A A G U G A U U C C A U A A
C C A U G U G U C C C C A A U G A A A A

8. Use the genetic code below to translate the following mRNA sequences:
A U G U A U C G G G C A U U U U A A
U C C A U G G A A G U G A U U C C A U A A
C C A U G U G U C C C C A A U G A A A A
Methionine (START), Tyrosine, Arginine, Alanine, Phenylalanine, STOP.
Serine, Methionine, Glutamic Acid, Valine, Isoleucine, Proline, STOP
Methionine, Cysteine, Proline, Glutamine, STOP, Lysine

9. Translation:
The decoding of RNA into a polypeptide chain (protein)

11. The Central Dogma of Biology is:
DNA  RNA  protein
Where does the first step take place? Nucleus
Where does the second step take place? Cytoplasm

12. What is the job of tRNA during translation
What is the job of tRNA during translation? Bringing amino acids to ribosomes, match them with the correct base on mRNA.
What is an anticodon? The three bases on tRNA that match with mRNA codons.
What is the role of the ribosome during translation? It is the site of protein assembly

13. The 4 steps of Translation

14. H. 1) mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus then travels to the cytoplasm

15. 2) Ribosome grabs mRNA. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

16. 3) tRNA matches with complimentary mRNA
3) tRNA matches with complimentary mRNA. Ribosome makes peptide bond between amino acids, and breaks the bond between tRNA and amino acid.

17. 4) Peptide chain continues to grow until ribosome reaches a stop codon Protein is complete.

18. Protein structure/folding
Primary
Amino acids holding hands
Secondary
Alpha helix
Beta pleated sheets
Tertiary
Quaternary