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Community-based disaster risk management --Empowering communities and local governments through SFs/CDD operations A presentation by Saroj Kumar Jha Program.

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Presentation on theme: "Community-based disaster risk management --Empowering communities and local governments through SFs/CDD operations A presentation by Saroj Kumar Jha Program."— Presentation transcript:

1 Community-based disaster risk management --Empowering communities and local governments through SFs/CDD operations A presentation by Saroj Kumar Jha Program Manager, GFDRR, The World Bank

2 Disasters-impact is ‘local’
Affect large areas but impact is greatest at the local level Spontaneous help by family members and community First response from community-based organizations including local Redcross Units Local government of the affected area is the front-line government to deliver assistance External assistance can’t reach quickly number of people affected, communication failures, road blockages Mismatch between local needs and ‘external assistance’ Coordination of external aid is always an issue Mutual Aid is prompt and most effective 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

3 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
60 % fatality reported in six hours Food, shelter and medical Relief mobilization Time after disaster 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

4 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
Coping with disasters Past practices Act of God, external events, Use of indigenous knowledge to cope with ‘external events’-early warning, Rainwater harvesting, flood protection, cropping patterns, Thrift and credit Community-based institutions facilitated coping by communities Historical evidence of huge losses—civilizations perished, civilizations moved.. 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

5 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
Coping with disasters Present practices Vanishing traditional knowledge, but better access to scientific information Collapsing traditional local institutions and increasing State interventions Systems and services dependent on modern technologies Scientific evidence of increase in frequency and severity of hazards Loss increasing due to accumulated risks largely constructed by human-made development interventions 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

6 Relief-centric Approach Belief in external forces, Relief and recovery
Changing paradigm in managing disasters- ‘disaster (relief) management’ to ‘disaster risk management’ Relief-centric Approach Belief in external forces, Relief and recovery Emergency management Approach Response planning, search and rescue ops, Command and Control Disaster Risk Management Approach Flawed development causes hazard risks, Know the risk, prevent and reduce the losses, ‘transfer’ the residual risk 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

7 evacuation and search and rescue by local teams
Experiences in community-based approaches in disaster risk management- Bangladesh Cyclone Preparedness Programme by Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (supported by Government) Community contingency planning in two most vulnerable districts Village Early Warning, Search and Rescue, First Aid, Shelter Management teams trained 143 radio network stations and community volunteers manage local early warning system Updating the plans and organizing drills before the cyclone season Cited as one of the most successful community-based approaches in preparedness and mitigation of disaster risks Significant reduction in losses in 1998 floods due to effective warning dissemination, evacuation and search and rescue by local teams 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

8 Samiyarpettai experience (in Cuddalore district)
Experiences in community-based approaches in disaster risk management- India Community-based Disaster preparedness and Recovery Programmes in 120,000 villages of 17 multi-hazard prone States (National Programme) implemented by local governments NGOs and community based organizations involved Community and local government level disaster management committees being formed Participatory risk analysis and emergency management planning Community disaster management teams trained and drills being organized Local governments mobilize resources locally for mitigation activities Samiyarpettai experience (in Cuddalore district) 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

9 Integrated Community Disaster Planning Programme
Experiences in community-based approaches in disaster management- Philippines Integrated Community Disaster Planning Programme Hazard mapping and disaster action planning by communities and local governments Formation and training of Disaster Action Teams Mitigation projects identified for implementation by local governments-improvement of infrastructure, income generating projects Setting up disaster management committees at all levels Talba(Central Luzon) Role of Barangay Disaster Response Organization in overflow of volcanic debris and molten lava 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

10 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
Experiences in community-based approaches in disaster management- Nepal Kathmandu Valley Earthquake Risk Management Project(KVERP) by NSET Nepal Risk Communication Plan 32 local institutions involved Participatory risk and vulnerability analysis Awareness, education and training Local disaster management plans and drills School earthquake safety planning Stakeholders’ committee at each level (local to national) Awareness and training of committee members Training of building artisans in hazard-resistant construction Retrofitting of schools with community contribution in Kathmandu valley 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

11 Central message from community-centered approaches
Reduced dependence on external assistance Reduced losses when faced with hazards Works when Local government collaborates Not very effective in extreme events due to limited resource capabilities of local governments (‘low intensity and high frequency’ events account for greater losses for the community than high intensity and low frequency events) Sustainable if mainstreamed in local development planning Handicapped by lack of any institutional and legal framework for community approaches Training and orientation of local representatives has contributed to community approaches in risk prevention and mitigation Conflicts with local governments as approach is based on principles of transparency, accountability and sharing 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

12 Framework of community-based disaster risk management
National Policy on Disaster Risk Management Role of Federal/State and Local Governments Primary responsibility for risk assessment, risk mitigation, emergency preparedness and Recovery with local governments National Act on DRM Empower local governments to mobilize resources for emergency ppdness and response Emergency Management Relief and Recovery National Local Government Act Transfer of related fund, functions and functionaries Disaster risk management Capacity bldg of the local governments and communities Standard Operating Procedures for LGs/SGs/FGs to operate Mainstream in the ongoing decentralization agenda in the country 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

13 Community-centered approach in risk management
Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) Bottom-up planning using indigenous knowledge (early warning, flood control,..) local resources (river transport,…) Participatory risk and vulnerability analysis Risk reducing activities integrated in local development planning Response better organized and external assistance better utilized Empowers ‘communities’ and community-based organizations in both rural and urban settings Collaboration with local governments in pre and post disaster situations 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

14 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
Social Funds/CDD Operations should mainstream and also replicate successful CBDRM practices An efficient disaster preparedness and response delivery mechanism Empowering local institutions through national policies for effective on-site disaster risk management system Local institutions build up experiences from previous disasters and refine locally sustainable disaster risk management options Cost-effective as they make use of local resources Institutionalizes a participatory system for effective disaster risk management Feedback to federal and state agencies on locally needed areas of interventions Minor hazards which sometimes are ignored, receives attention 11/29/2018 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

15 Thank you

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